本文選題：財政支出 + 規(guī)模與結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《云南財經(jīng)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放30多年來,中國經(jīng)濟以年均9%的增長率高速發(fā)展,但一般認為,這是片面依靠資本、勞動等生產(chǎn)要素大量投入的結(jié)果,全要素生產(chǎn)率的貢獻度不高。隨著中國經(jīng)濟進入新常態(tài),資源環(huán)境對經(jīng)濟增長的約束日益加強,曾經(jīng)的粗放型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式正面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn)。中國在未來是否會落入中等收入陷阱,患上“拉美病”、“印度病”正成為社會各界廣泛關(guān)注的重大問題。當前,中央提出實施供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革,期望通過減稅、放松管制等政策,改變供給結(jié)構(gòu),提升供給質(zhì)量,有效提高全要素生產(chǎn)率,使我國繞過中等收入陷阱,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟的健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展。財政作為國家治理的基礎和重要支柱,在供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革中被寄予了很高的期望。主流經(jīng)濟學家們主張,應當通過增加財政對科技、教育等領域的投入,夯實我國經(jīng)濟增長的基礎,提高經(jīng)濟增長的質(zhì)量,從而使全要素生產(chǎn)率成為我國經(jīng)濟增長的主要動力,徹底擺脫中國經(jīng)濟依靠要素投入的困境。在政府主導型市場經(jīng)濟體制背景下,這一主張成為主流并不意外,但依靠政府財政支出的增加,究竟能否有效提高全要素生產(chǎn)率?政府在發(fā)揮主導作用的同時,會不會對市場力量產(chǎn)生“擠出效應”?在各級政府巨大的財政壓力之下,這種針對特殊項的支出擴張型政策是否可持續(xù)?這些問題,值得在理論和實踐層面做進一步的探究。本文試圖從財政支出的規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)兩個層面研究財政支出對全要素生產(chǎn)率的實際影響,初步對這些問題做出解答,進而提出供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革背景下提高全要素生產(chǎn)率的對策與主張。在財政支出規(guī)模方面,研究表明:財政支出規(guī)模的變動對全要素生產(chǎn)率的提升具有直接影響,但不同類別的財政支出對全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響各不相同:經(jīng)濟發(fā)展支出通過增加資本存量影響全要素生產(chǎn)率,影響強度為0.0129;國防安全支出通過影響企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本、外商直接投資以及社會RD投入來影響全要素生產(chǎn)率,影響強度為0.0245;教育科技支出通過增加人力資本、引導技術(shù)創(chuàng)新影響全要素生產(chǎn)率,影響強度為0.0323;行政管理支出對全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響為負,影響強度為-0.377;社會福利支出通過提升勞動力供給數(shù)量影響全要素生產(chǎn)率,影響強度為0.0219�；窘Y(jié)論是,從規(guī)模上看,基于有效提升全要素生產(chǎn)率的財政支出政策應該是:大幅增加經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、國防安全、教育科技和社會福利等四大類支出,同時大幅減少行政管理支出。但是,作為一個同時承擔政治、經(jīng)濟、社會功能的政府而言,支出規(guī)模的調(diào)整是有限的。本文基于對支出結(jié)構(gòu)的研究表明:由于存在財政支出規(guī)模和政府職能實現(xiàn)的雙重約束,政府無法無限制地增加或減少某一領域的財政支出。世界主要經(jīng)濟國家政府支出結(jié)構(gòu)變化的歷史規(guī)律表明,即便中國在未來由建設型財政最終演變?yōu)楦＠拓斦?其各項支出的調(diào)整范圍也是有限的。因此,大規(guī)模增加教育、科技等對全要素生產(chǎn)力提升具有規(guī)模正效應的支出政策將難以持續(xù),財政支出對全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響有限,市場力量的真正崛起與自我完善才是最終的解決之道。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, China's economy has developed rapidly with an average annual growth rate of 9%. However, it is generally believed that this is the result of a large amount of production factors such as capital and labor, and the contribution of total factor productivity is not high. As China's economy enters the new normal, the constraints of resource and environment on economic growth are increasingly strengthened. The mode of economic development is facing great challenges. In the future, whether China will fall into the Middle Income Trap and suffer from "Latin American disease", "India disease" is becoming a major concern of all sectors of the society. At present, the Central Committee has proposed to implement the structural reform of the supply side, which is expected to change the supply structure and improve the supply quality through tax reduction and loosening of control policies. Quantity, effectively improve the total factor productivity, make our country bypass the Middle Income Trap and realize the healthy and sustainable development of the economy. As the foundation and important pillar of the national governance, finance has been given high expectations in the structural reform of the supply side. The mainstream economists advocate that the investment should be invested in the fields of science and technology, education and so on. To consolidate the basis of China's economic growth and improve the quality of economic growth, so that the total factor productivity is the main motive force of China's economic growth and completely rid of the predicament of Chinese economy relying on the input of factors. Under the background of the government led market economy, this main trend is not surprising, but it depends on the increase of government expenditure. In addition, whether the government can effectively improve the total factor productivity? Will the government play a "extrusion effect" on the market force while playing the leading role? Under the huge financial pressure of the governments at all levels, is this special item of expenditure expansive policy sustainable? These problems should be further explored in the theoretical and practical aspects. This paper tries to study the actual impact of fiscal expenditure on total factor productivity from two aspects of the scale and structure of fiscal expenditure, and to answer these questions preliminarily, and then put forward the countermeasures and proposals to improve the total factor productivity under the background of the supply side structural reform. The change has a direct impact on the promotion of total factor productivity, but the impact of different types of fiscal expenditure on total factor productivity is different. Economic development expenditure affects total factor productivity by increasing the capital stock, and the impact intensity is 0.0129. RD input affects total factor productivity, the impact strength is 0.0245; education science and technology expenditure through increasing human capital, guiding technological innovation to influence the total factor productivity, the impact strength is 0.0323; the influence of administrative expenditure on total factor productivity is negative, the impact intensity is -0.377; social welfare expenditure by improving the quantity of labor supply quantity shadow The basic conclusion of the total factor productivity (TFP) is that the 0.0219. basic conclusion is that, on the scale, the fiscal expenditure policy based on the effective promotion of total factor productivity should be four major categories of expenditure, such as economic development, national defense security, education technology and social welfare, and significantly reducing administrative expenditure. The adjustment of the scale of expenditure is limited in government, economic and social functions. Based on the research on the structure of expenditure, the government can not increase or reduce the financial expenditure in a certain field without restriction due to the dual constraints of the scale of fiscal expenditure and the realization of government functions. The change of government expenditure structure in the world's major economic countries The rule of history shows that even if China eventually evolved from a constructive finance into a welfare finance in the future, the adjustment range of its expenditure is limited. Therefore, a large scale increase in education, technology and other expenditure policies that have positive effects on the promotion of total factor productivity will be difficult to continue, and the effect of fiscal expenditure on total factor productivity will be difficult. Limited, the real rise and self perfection of market power is the ultimate solution.
【學位授予單位】：云南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F812.45

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本文編號：1945142