本文選題：美國清潔能源安全法案　切入點(diǎn)：碳關(guān)稅　出處：《湖北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國于2009年頒布了《美國清潔能源安全法案》,該法案中規(guī)定,美國將在2020年對該國進(jìn)口的“高碳”產(chǎn)品按其隱含碳含量征收碳關(guān)稅。長久以來美國一直作為中國的最大出口貿(mào)易對象國,該法案的實(shí)施必將沖擊中國對美國出口貿(mào)易。 基于以上背景,本論文將首先通過梳理國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)研究,解讀全球已取得的關(guān)于碳關(guān)稅對出口貿(mào)易影響的相關(guān)研究成果,同時總結(jié)目前已有研究的不足以展望未來研究發(fā)展前景；其次本文將從出口產(chǎn)品價格和出口貿(mào)易規(guī)模兩個方面入手闡明碳關(guān)稅如何對一國出口貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生影響,通過其作用機(jī)制的層層剖析來為后文實(shí)證分析的引入作鋪墊；然后本文將以22種具有代表性的出口產(chǎn)品為對象,采用1997年至2012年《中國海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》及美國經(jīng)濟(jì)分析局的數(shù)據(jù),從價格變動的視角擬在產(chǎn)品層面進(jìn)行美國預(yù)征碳關(guān)稅對中國出口貿(mào)易影響的實(shí)證研究,研究思路分兩步,首先本文將會建立一個出口需求回歸方程,通過回歸計(jì)算出這22種具代表性的出口產(chǎn)品相應(yīng)的價格彈性系數(shù),其次本文將根據(jù)不同產(chǎn)品的單位價值能耗、標(biāo)煤碳排放系數(shù)及折合二氧化碳排放量系數(shù)來計(jì)算不同碳關(guān)稅稅率情境下價格變動的百分比,通過計(jì)算與其相應(yīng)價格彈性系數(shù)的乘積,得出每一種產(chǎn)品的出口數(shù)量變動率,所得研究結(jié)果顯示,在擬定的美國實(shí)施30、60、85美元／噸C02碳關(guān)稅稅率下,本文所研究全部產(chǎn)品出口價格彈性系數(shù)均小于零值,其出口數(shù)量也都有不同程度的下降。接下來本文將對實(shí)證結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,對比中國對美國的出口貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀說明美國征收碳關(guān)稅后中國出口貿(mào)易變化的概況；在經(jīng)過對實(shí)證結(jié)果的對比分析后,本文會從出口市場多元化、出口產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)型、能源結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、低碳技術(shù)引入研發(fā)、碳稅體系建立這五個不同方面就美國預(yù)征碳關(guān)稅對中國產(chǎn)品出口貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生潛在影響的問題上做出相應(yīng)的政策建議。
[Abstract]:The United States enacted the United States Clean Energy Security Act in 2009, which provides that. The United States will impose a carbon tariff on its "high-carbon" imports in 2020 at the level of its implied carbon content. The United States has long been China's biggest export target, and the implementation of the bill is bound to hit China's exports to the United States. Based on the above background, this paper will first through combing the domestic and foreign related literature research, to interpret the global carbon tariffs on the impact of export trade related research results, At the same time, it concludes that the current research is not enough to forecast the future research and development prospects. Secondly, this paper will explain how carbon tariffs have an impact on a country's export trade from the price of export products and the scale of export trade. Through the layer by layer analysis of its mechanism to pave the way for the introduction of empirical analysis; then this paper will take 22 representative export products as the object. Based on the Statistical Yearbook of China Customs from 1997 to 2012 and the data of the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the United States, this paper intends to carry out an empirical study on the impact of American carbon tariffs on China's export trade at the product level from the perspective of price changes. The research ideas are divided into two steps. First, a regression equation of export demand will be established, and the corresponding price elasticity coefficient of 22 representative export products will be calculated by regression. Secondly, according to the energy consumption per unit value of different products, The carbon emission coefficient of standard coal and the carbon dioxide emission coefficient can be used to calculate the percentage of price change under different carbon tariff rates. By calculating the product of price elasticity coefficient, the change rate of export quantity of each product can be obtained. The results show that the price elasticity coefficient of all the products studied in this paper is less than zero under the proposed tariff rate of US $30 / t CO2 carbon tariff. Then this paper will analyze the empirical results and compare the current situation of China's export trade with the United States to illustrate the changes of China's export trade after the United States imposed carbon tariffs. After the comparative analysis of the empirical results, this paper will diversify the export market, restructure the export industry, optimize the energy structure, introduce low carbon technology into R & D. The five different aspects of carbon tax system make corresponding policy recommendations on the potential impact of American carbon tariffs on China's export trade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F817.12;F752.62

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