本文選題：公共政策　切入點(diǎn)：污染治理　出處：《南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的當(dāng)代,惡化的環(huán)境已經(jīng)開始直接影響到了人類健康,進(jìn)而限制了經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。針對(duì)這種制約人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的問題,聯(lián)合國環(huán)境保護(hù)組織已經(jīng)開始呼吁全球各國統(tǒng)一起來并采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)。那么,當(dāng)前針對(duì)環(huán)境問題,國際上采取的措施主要有：排污許可證制度、碳排放交易、碳基金、“庇古稅”以及排污收費(fèi)制度和基于《京都議定書》的協(xié)議規(guī)則制度等。本文基于環(huán)境的純公共物品的非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性和非排他性的特性,外部性理論以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論等基本理論基石,就治理中國環(huán)境污染問題的排污許可證制度、“庇古稅”和協(xié)議規(guī)則制度、許可證制度與污染稅相結(jié)合的混合制度1和污染稅制度與協(xié)議規(guī)則相結(jié)合的混合制度2五種制度的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)和社會(huì)福利值變化進(jìn)行展開分析。環(huán)境污染問題已成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的突出問題,因此就如何有效的治理中國的環(huán)境問題已有很多學(xué)者提出了許多不同的建議與對(duì)策。本文的創(chuàng)新之處是：以污染治理的排污許可證制度、“庇古稅”和協(xié)議規(guī)則制度公共政策為重要變量,構(gòu)建了當(dāng)前中國的宏觀動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)一般均衡模型。同時(shí)在中國的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文通過數(shù)值模擬的方法比較了三種政策的治理效應(yīng),即對(duì)于環(huán)境質(zhì)量和社會(huì)總產(chǎn)出的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)研究,以及在中央和地方政府控污支出下三種政策環(huán)境治理的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),并且選取“庇古稅制度”下環(huán)境質(zhì)量、消費(fèi)和社會(huì)總產(chǎn)出作為觀察變量,考慮各個(gè)沖擊對(duì)其的波動(dòng)影響。基于福利分析方法將在環(huán)境不確定性和經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定性變化下,排污許可證制度、“庇古稅”以及排污收費(fèi)制度、混合制度1和混合制度2五種制度的福利值變化的幅度以及趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了政策選擇研究。本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：①提高許可證的價(jià)格之后,整個(gè)社會(huì)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量是下降的；②“污染稅”政策對(duì)于提高環(huán)境質(zhì)量具有較大的政策效應(yīng),協(xié)議規(guī)則也能夠提高環(huán)境的質(zhì)量�！拔廴径悺闭叩某掷m(xù)時(shí)間長達(dá)三十年；協(xié)議規(guī)則對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響呈現(xiàn)扁平的U形態(tài)；③在不同的體制下,政府控污支出對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響形態(tài)大致是相似的,其對(duì)社會(huì)總產(chǎn)出的影響也是相似的；④當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不確定性因素增加時(shí),許可證制度中的社會(huì)福利是增加的,但其加大了消費(fèi)的變動(dòng)程度。
[Abstract]:In the high-speed economic development, the deterioration of the environment has been directly affecting human health, thus limiting the sustainable development of economy. This restricts the human sustainable development issues, the United Nations Environment Protection Organization has called on the world to unite and take measures to deal with. So, according to the current environmental problems, take the international the main measures are: emission permit system, carbon emissions trading, carbon fund, "Pigou tax" and the charging system and < Kyoto Protocol > agreement rules. In this paper, based on the pure public goods environment of non exclusive and non competitive characteristics based on the foundation of basic theory of externality theory and the theory of sustainable development so, on the environmental pollution problem Chinese emission permit system, "Pigou tax rules" and the agreement, license system and the combination of pollution tax The economic effect and the social welfare system and the mixed system of mixed 1 pollution tax system and protocol combining the rules 2 and five systems change analyze. The problem of environmental pollution has become a serious problem China in economic development, so China environment how effective governance problems many scholars have put forward many suggestions and Countermeasures the innovation of this paper is: to the pollution emission permit system, "Pigou tax rules" and the agreement of public policy is the most important, constructs the macro dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the Chinese. While basic macroeconomic data in the China on the results of numerical simulation were compared. The effect of the three treatment policy, namely for the study of the economic effects of environmental quality and the output of the society, as well as in the central and local government spending under three kinds of pollution control policy environment The effect of economic governance, and select the "Pigou tax" under the environmental quality, consumption and social total output as observation variables, considering the impact of various shocks to their volatility. Methods changes in the welfare analysis of environmental uncertainty and economic uncertainty based on the emission permit system, "Pigou tax" and sewage charges system the mixed system 1 and system 2 five mixed system of welfare value change rate and trend of the research on the choice of policy. This study found that: after improve the license price, environmental quality of the whole society is decreased; the "pollution tax" policy has significant effect for policies to improve the quality of environment, protocol rules to improve the quality of the environment. "The duration of pollution tax" policy for thirty years; the protocol rules show flat effect on environmental quality of U in different forms; Under the system of government expenditure on environmental pollution control effect of morphology and quality are generally similar, its impact on the social total output is similar; and when increased economic uncertainty, the permit system of social welfare is increased, but the increase of consumption change degree.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X321;F812.0

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