發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-10 07:52

  本文選題：財(cái)政支出　切入點(diǎn)：就業(yè)效應(yīng)　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)是民生之本。目前,我國(guó)面臨的就業(yè)困境既有供求總量矛盾又有結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題,就業(yè)形勢(shì)異常嚴(yán)峻。發(fā)達(dá)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家的歷史實(shí)踐表明,單純依靠市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的力量來(lái)解決就業(yè)問(wèn)題是不可能的。2008年1月《中華人民共和國(guó)就業(yè)促進(jìn)法》的實(shí)施,標(biāo)志著中國(guó)從法律層面確定了政府在擴(kuò)大就業(yè)中的職責(zé)。2013年中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨十八屆三中全會(huì)通過(guò)的《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問(wèn)題的決定》中明確提出,建立經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和擴(kuò)大就業(yè)的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制,健全政府促進(jìn)就業(yè)責(zé)任制度。這為未來(lái)的就業(yè)工作指明了方向。財(cái)政支出政策作為政府實(shí)施宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控最重要的手段之一,其就業(yè)效應(yīng)到底如何,怎樣才能充分發(fā)揮其在促進(jìn)就業(yè)中的積極作用值得認(rèn)真研究。論文主要內(nèi)容如下： 首先,在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)財(cái)政支出政策與就業(yè)關(guān)系的研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了財(cái)政支出政策與就業(yè)的相關(guān)理論。在綜合考慮理論基礎(chǔ)、支出規(guī)模和數(shù)據(jù)可得性基礎(chǔ)上,選擇財(cái)政投資支出、財(cái)政教育支出、財(cái)政科技支出、財(cái)政社會(huì)保障支出和財(cái)政行政管理費(fèi)支出作為財(cái)政支出政策變量的代表,分析了它們就業(yè)效應(yīng)的作用機(jī)理,并提出了分析方法。 其次,對(duì)我國(guó)財(cái)政支出政策的就業(yè)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。通過(guò)從促進(jìn)就業(yè)的角度分析我國(guó)財(cái)政支出政策的演變,指出我國(guó)促進(jìn)就業(yè)的財(cái)政支出政策經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)從被動(dòng)適應(yīng)到主動(dòng)參與的過(guò)程。在實(shí)證分析方面,利用協(xié)整分析、動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)分析和格蘭杰因果分析,實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了財(cái)政支出總額對(duì)就業(yè)總量和三次產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)量的影響以及財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)就業(yè)總量的影響。結(jié)果表明：(1)財(cái)政支出總額對(duì)長(zhǎng)期就業(yè)總量效應(yīng)不明顯,但在短期有正向影響。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值對(duì)長(zhǎng)期就業(yè)總量有較大正向影響。工資水平并不是影響就業(yè)總量變化的原因,但就業(yè)總量變化能引起工資水平的變化。(2)長(zhǎng)期上財(cái)政支出總額明顯抑制第一產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè),促進(jìn)第二產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè),對(duì)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)有較弱的抑制作用。(3)財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)主要項(xiàng)目中只有財(cái)政教育支出對(duì)長(zhǎng)期就業(yè)總量有較大正向影響,財(cái)政投資支出、財(cái)政科技支出、財(cái)政行政管理費(fèi)支出和財(cái)政社會(huì)保障支出對(duì)長(zhǎng)期就業(yè)總量都有負(fù)向影響。財(cái)政支出主要項(xiàng)目按促進(jìn)就業(yè)作用大小排序依次為：財(cái)政教育支出、財(cái)政社會(huì)保障支出、財(cái)政投資支出、財(cái)政科技支出和財(cái)政行政管理費(fèi)支出。 接下來(lái),從就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)關(guān)系、就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化和勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系等方面對(duì)中國(guó)就業(yè)狀況進(jìn)行了總體判斷,并從財(cái)政政策目標(biāo)、財(cái)政投資領(lǐng)域、財(cái)政教育支出、財(cái)政科技支出、財(cái)政行政管理費(fèi)支出和財(cái)政社會(huì)保障支出等方面分析了財(cái)政支出政策促進(jìn)就業(yè)效果不明顯的原因。 最后,在原因分析基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒主要國(guó)家利用財(cái)政支出政策促進(jìn)就業(yè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了建立經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與促進(jìn)就業(yè)的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制、財(cái)政支出政策側(cè)重經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、調(diào)整和優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)等對(duì)策與建議。
[Abstract]:Employment is the people's livelihood. At present, the employment difficulties faced by China is the total supply and demand contradictions and structural problems, the employment situation is very serious. The practice indicates that the history of the developed market economy country, simply rely on the market mechanism to solve the problem of employment is not possible in January.2008 "People's Republic of China Employment Promotion Law" implementation. Chinese marks from the legal level to determine the government is put forward in the expansion of employment.2013 duty years Chinese Communist Party in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee by the CPC Central Committee "on deepening reform of the overall number of major issues in the decision > the establishment of the economic development, and expanding employment linkage mechanism, perfecting the responsibility system of government to promote employment. It pointed out the direction for future employment one of the means of fiscal expenditure policy. As the government's implementation of macroeconomic regulation and control the most important, the employment effect how, how In order to give full play to its positive role in promoting employment, it is worth studying carefully. The main contents of the paper are as follows:
First of all, based on combing the research literature about the relationship between fiscal expenditure policy and employment at home and abroad, analyzes the related theory of fiscal expenditure policy and employment. In the comprehensive consideration of the theoretical basis, the scale of expenditure and the availability of data on the basis of selection of financial investment expenditure, education expenditure, the fiscal expenditure on science and technology, finance and society security expenditure and financial administrative expenses as a representative of the fiscal expenditure policy variables, analyzes the mechanism of their employment effects, and puts forward the analysis method.
Secondly, the empirical analysis on the employment effect of fiscal expenditure policy in our country. Through the analysis of the evolution of fiscal expenditure policy to promote employment of our country from the point of view, pointed out that China's fiscal expenditure policy to promote employment has undergone a process from passive adaptation to active participation. In the empirical analysis, using cointegration analysis, analysis Grainger analysis and causal dynamic response, empirical test of the impact of total fiscal expenditure on total employment and employment of the three industry and the structure of fiscal expenditure on total employment. The results showed that: (1) the total effect of fiscal expenditure on total employment period is not obvious, but has a positive impact on GDP is short-term. Positive impact on the long-term employment amount. The wage level is not the reason the total employment changes, but total employment changes can cause changes in the wage level. (2) the long-term total fiscal expenditure The amount of inhibition of first industry employment, to promote employment in the second industry, has a weak inhibitory effect on employment in the third industry. (3) the fiscal expenditure structure of major projects only fiscal expenditure on education has great positive impact on the long-term employment, financial investment expenditure, fiscal expenditure and fiscal, administrative expenses and financial expenditure on social security long term employment total fiscal expenditure has a negative impact. The main project according to the employment effect size in order are: education expenditure, social security expenditure, financial investment expenditure, fiscal expenditure and fiscal and administrative expenses.
Next, from the relationship between employment growth and economic growth, the change of employment structure and labor market supply and demand and other aspects of the overall judgment on the Chinese employment status, and from the goal of fiscal policy, financial investment, financial education expenditure, the fiscal expenditure on science and technology, finance and administration expenditure and fiscal expenditure on social security and other aspects of the fiscal expenditure policy to promote the employment effect is not obvious.
Finally, on the basis of cause analysis, we draw lessons from the experience of main countries using fiscal expenditure policy to promote employment, and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for establishing linkage mechanism between economic growth and employment promotion, focusing on economic structure adjustment, adjusting and optimizing financial expenditure structure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F812.45;D669.2

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本文編號(hào)：1592415