【摘要】：海上風(fēng)電雖然投資成本大，但比起陸上風(fēng)電，，由于其具有發(fā)電量大、靠近負(fù)荷中心便于消納、不占用土地資源等方面的優(yōu)勢，因而越來越受到人們的重視。我國海上風(fēng)電起步較晚，但發(fā)展很快，目前我國有許多海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目正在規(guī)劃建設(shè)之中。包括海上風(fēng)電在內(nèi)的新能源電價(jià)定價(jià)問題成為我國及世界電力經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要研究課題。 與陸上風(fēng)電的區(qū)域標(biāo)桿電價(jià)制度不同，我國對海上風(fēng)電實(shí)行的是一廠一價(jià)的上網(wǎng)電價(jià)政策，即海上風(fēng)電企業(yè)根據(jù)預(yù)計(jì)的財(cái)務(wù)收支確定其上網(wǎng)電價(jià)，并報(bào)由政府部門審批，審批通過后國家強(qiáng)制電網(wǎng)公司以審批確立的價(jià)格全額收購該風(fēng)電場的發(fā)電量。因此，如何確立合理的上網(wǎng)電價(jià)定價(jià)方式是海上風(fēng)電投資者和政府部門首先需要考慮的問題。 本文結(jié)合我國實(shí)際，建立了基于經(jīng)營期電價(jià)法的我國海上風(fēng)電上網(wǎng)電價(jià)模型，并將該模型應(yīng)用于桂山海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目中進(jìn)行研究，測算出了桂山海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目的上網(wǎng)電價(jià)。同時(shí)還對影響上網(wǎng)電價(jià)的各因素進(jìn)行了敏感性分析，分析結(jié)果顯示對海上風(fēng)電電價(jià)影響最大的兩個(gè)因素是上網(wǎng)電量的多少和初始投資額的高低，并據(jù)此提出了降低上網(wǎng)電價(jià)的途徑。 本文還分析了海上風(fēng)電對環(huán)境的減排效益和對系統(tǒng)備用容量成本的影響等外部效應(yīng)，并利用本文建立的基于經(jīng)營期電價(jià)法的上網(wǎng)電價(jià)定價(jià)模型計(jì)算出了考慮外部效應(yīng)后桂山海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目的上網(wǎng)電價(jià)。計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示，即便將外部效應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)，在現(xiàn)階段我國海上風(fēng)電電價(jià)相比火電電價(jià)依然不具備競爭優(yōu)勢。但是，隨著海上風(fēng)電場造價(jià)和運(yùn)行維護(hù)成本的不斷下降、一次能源價(jià)格的不斷上升以及人們對環(huán)保價(jià)值的更加重視，海上風(fēng)電對比火力發(fā)電的競爭優(yōu)勢將日漸顯現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Although the investment cost of offshore wind power is large, compared with onshore wind power, it is paid more and more attention because of its advantages of large power generation, convenient to absorb near load center, and not occupying land resources. Offshore wind power in China starts late, but develops rapidly. At present, there are many offshore wind power projects under planning and construction in our country. The pricing of new energy electricity including offshore wind power has become an important research topic in the field of electricity economy in China and the world. Different from the regional benchmarking price system of onshore wind power, our country implements the policy of one factory and one price on the Internet for offshore wind power, that is, offshore wind power enterprises determine their Internet electricity prices according to the expected financial revenues and expenditures, and submit them to the government departments for examination and approval. After the approval, the state forced grid company to purchase the wind farm in full at the established price. Therefore, how to establish a reasonable pricing method is the first consideration for offshore wind power investors and government departments. In this paper, based on the practice of our country, the electricity price model of offshore wind power in our country is established, and the model is applied to study the offshore wind power project in Guishan, and the online electricity price of offshore wind power project in Guishan is calculated. At the same time, the sensitivity analysis of the factors affecting the electricity price is carried out. The results show that the two most important factors affecting the offshore wind power price are the amount of electricity connected to the Internet and the initial investment. According to this, the way to reduce the electricity price is put forward. This paper also analyzes the effects of offshore wind power on environmental emission reduction and system reserve capacity cost. Based on the operating period electricity price method established in this paper, the online electricity price of Guishan offshore wind power project is calculated considering the external effect. The results show that even if the external effects are taken into account, China's offshore wind power price still does not have a competitive advantage compared with the thermal power price at the present stage. However, with the continuous decline of offshore wind farm cost and maintenance cost, the rising of primary energy price and more attention to the value of environmental protection, the competitive advantage of offshore wind power compared with thermal power generation will become increasingly apparent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.61

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