我國(guó)發(fā)電企業(yè)碳金融策略研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-19 16:50
【摘要】：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，學(xué)術(shù)界一直在爭(zhēng)論關(guān)于全球氣候變暖并造成一系列災(zāi)難性后果的原因，其中的結(jié)論之一是“人類(lèi)過(guò)分工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)而同時(shí)以破壞環(huán)境為代價(jià)換來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展；這種過(guò)度的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)造成的后果是向大氣中排放了大量的二氧化碳等溫室氣體，造成了全球氣候的變暖�！边@一結(jié)論已經(jīng)引起世界各國(guó)越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注，并且在現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中得到廣泛的認(rèn)同。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容是基于這一假設(shè)前提展開(kāi)的。 經(jīng)歷了《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》，《京都議定書(shū)》，哥本哈根會(huì)議，聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化組織建立了一系列的條約與交流平臺(tái)，在為各國(guó)提出減排要求的同時(shí)也提出了三種機(jī)制（Joint Implementation，JI；InternationalEmissions Trading，IET；Clean Development Mechanism，CDM）作為碳減排的經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償。這三種機(jī)制也孕育了一個(gè)全新的可交易產(chǎn)品，即碳排放權(quán)，和一個(gè)全新的交易市場(chǎng)，即碳交易市場(chǎng)。新的金融概念——碳金融也隨之產(chǎn)生。 我國(guó)“富煤少油缺氣”的資源稟賦決定了我國(guó)以煤作為發(fā)電燃料的火力發(fā)電企業(yè)成為了碳排放中的大戶。在這些企業(yè)面臨著碳減排壓力的時(shí)候，碳金融的出現(xiàn)也為他們?cè)跍p排過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的成本問(wèn)題提供了一個(gè)很好的解決方法。本文研究我國(guó)發(fā)電企業(yè)參與碳金融活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中如何正確制定戰(zhàn)略和做出決策，內(nèi)容安排如下。 首先，第一章作為引論，介紹了選題背景，國(guó)內(nèi)外研究狀況和相關(guān)概念。第二章介紹了碳金融發(fā)展的背景及我國(guó)碳金融的現(xiàn)狀。 第三章通過(guò)建立碳排放成本函數(shù)說(shuō)明我國(guó)發(fā)電企業(yè)在參與碳配額交易的過(guò)程中如何比較市場(chǎng)上的配額價(jià)格以及自身的減排成本的關(guān)系，并且根據(jù)配額價(jià)格與自身邊際減排成本的不同關(guān)系來(lái)制定不同的減排策略，從而幫助企業(yè)做出正確決策，獲得更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，完成減排目標(biāo)。 接下來(lái)第四章介紹了CDM清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制以及我國(guó)的一些發(fā)電企業(yè)同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家合作開(kāi)發(fā)清潔能源項(xiàng)目，用產(chǎn)生的碳減排額度換取資金來(lái)獲得額外的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益。然后以某小型水電站開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目為例，，通過(guò)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)金流的方法比較了獲得碳減排收益與未獲得碳減排收益的差別，說(shuō)明了參與CDM清潔能源開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目確實(shí)可以幫助我國(guó)一些發(fā)電企業(yè)在減排改造過(guò)程中獲得資金收益，緩解成本壓力。 最后第五章通過(guò)分析得出結(jié)論及建議。我國(guó)應(yīng)該積極地鼓勵(lì)發(fā)電企業(yè)參與清潔能源項(xiàng)目及碳配額交易等一系列的碳金融活動(dòng)，以幫助企業(yè)降低碳減排的壓力，但同時(shí)在參與碳金融活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中也要注意切忌盲目選擇以及要努力規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:For a long time, academic circles have been arguing about the causes of global warming and a series of disastrous consequences. One of the conclusions is that "the human being produces excessively industrially and at the same time destroys the environment in exchange for economic development;" "the consequence of this excessive industrial production is that a lot of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, have been emitted into the atmosphere, causing global warming." This conclusion has attracted more and more attention all over the world and has been widely accepted in social and economic activities. The content of this paper is based on this hypothesis. Through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Copenhagen Conference, the United Nations Climate change Organization has established a series of treaty and exchange platforms, In addition to the emission reduction requirements for countries, three mechanisms (Joint Implementation,JI;) are also proposed. InternationalEmissions Trading,IET;Clean Development Mechanism,CDM) as the economic compensation for carbon emission reduction. These three mechanisms also breed a new tradable product, namely carbon emission rights, and a new trading market, namely carbon trading market. A new financial concept, carbon finance, also emerged. The natural endowment of "rich coal, less oil and less gas" determines that coal-fired power generation enterprises have become the major carbon emitters in China. When these enterprises are under pressure to reduce carbon emissions, the emergence of carbon finance also provides a good solution to the cost problem in the process of reducing carbon emissions. This paper studies how to correctly formulate strategies and make decisions in the process of China's power generation enterprises participating in carbon finance. The content is arranged as follows. Firstly, the first chapter introduces the background, research situation and related concepts. The second chapter introduces the background of carbon finance development and the current situation of carbon finance in China. In the third chapter, by establishing the carbon emission cost function, it explains how to compare the price of quota in the market and the cost of emission reduction in the process of participating in carbon quota trading. According to the different relationship between quota price and marginal emission reduction cost, different emission reduction strategies can be made to help enterprises make correct decisions, achieve greater economic benefits and achieve emission reduction targets. The fourth chapter introduces the CDM clean development mechanism and the cooperation of some power generation enterprises with developed countries to develop clean energy projects. Then taking a small hydropower station development project as an example, the paper compares the difference between the carbon emission reduction income and the non-carbon emission reduction income by using the cash flow method. It is shown that participating in the CDM clean energy development project can help some power generation enterprises in China to obtain financial benefits and alleviate the cost pressure in the process of emission reduction and transformation. Finally, the fifth chapter draws conclusions and recommendations through analysis. China should actively encourage power generation enterprises to participate in a series of carbon finance activities, such as clean energy projects and carbon quota trading, in order to help enterprises reduce the pressure of reducing carbon emissions. But at the same time, in the process of participating in carbon finance, we should pay attention to avoid blind choice and try to avoid risks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F272;F426.61
本文編號(hào)：2387193
[Abstract]:For a long time, academic circles have been arguing about the causes of global warming and a series of disastrous consequences. One of the conclusions is that "the human being produces excessively industrially and at the same time destroys the environment in exchange for economic development;" "the consequence of this excessive industrial production is that a lot of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, have been emitted into the atmosphere, causing global warming." This conclusion has attracted more and more attention all over the world and has been widely accepted in social and economic activities. The content of this paper is based on this hypothesis. Through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Copenhagen Conference, the United Nations Climate change Organization has established a series of treaty and exchange platforms, In addition to the emission reduction requirements for countries, three mechanisms (Joint Implementation,JI;) are also proposed. InternationalEmissions Trading,IET;Clean Development Mechanism,CDM) as the economic compensation for carbon emission reduction. These three mechanisms also breed a new tradable product, namely carbon emission rights, and a new trading market, namely carbon trading market. A new financial concept, carbon finance, also emerged. The natural endowment of "rich coal, less oil and less gas" determines that coal-fired power generation enterprises have become the major carbon emitters in China. When these enterprises are under pressure to reduce carbon emissions, the emergence of carbon finance also provides a good solution to the cost problem in the process of reducing carbon emissions. This paper studies how to correctly formulate strategies and make decisions in the process of China's power generation enterprises participating in carbon finance. The content is arranged as follows. Firstly, the first chapter introduces the background, research situation and related concepts. The second chapter introduces the background of carbon finance development and the current situation of carbon finance in China. In the third chapter, by establishing the carbon emission cost function, it explains how to compare the price of quota in the market and the cost of emission reduction in the process of participating in carbon quota trading. According to the different relationship between quota price and marginal emission reduction cost, different emission reduction strategies can be made to help enterprises make correct decisions, achieve greater economic benefits and achieve emission reduction targets. The fourth chapter introduces the CDM clean development mechanism and the cooperation of some power generation enterprises with developed countries to develop clean energy projects. Then taking a small hydropower station development project as an example, the paper compares the difference between the carbon emission reduction income and the non-carbon emission reduction income by using the cash flow method. It is shown that participating in the CDM clean energy development project can help some power generation enterprises in China to obtain financial benefits and alleviate the cost pressure in the process of emission reduction and transformation. Finally, the fifth chapter draws conclusions and recommendations through analysis. China should actively encourage power generation enterprises to participate in a series of carbon finance activities, such as clean energy projects and carbon quota trading, in order to help enterprises reduce the pressure of reducing carbon emissions. But at the same time, in the process of participating in carbon finance, we should pay attention to avoid blind choice and try to avoid risks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F272;F426.61
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本文編號(hào)：2387193
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