【摘要】：“節(jié)能減排”是我國(guó)“十二五”規(guī)劃的重要議題，也是應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化的迫切需要。火力發(fā)電作為中國(guó)電力供應(yīng)的主要來(lái)源，不僅需要消耗大量的煤炭等不可再生能源，并且其生產(chǎn)伴隨著各種污染，是二氧化硫及二氧化碳的最大排放源，屬于典型的“高能耗、高污染”行業(yè)，火電行業(yè)因而成為國(guó)家實(shí)施節(jié)能減排的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域。因此，客觀、準(zhǔn)確測(cè)算我國(guó)火電行業(yè)能源效率、評(píng)價(jià)其變動(dòng)趨勢(shì)、分析火電行業(yè)能源效率的地區(qū)差異及影響因素，不僅可以準(zhǔn)確把脈我國(guó)火電行業(yè)能源效率現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)提升火電行業(yè)能源效率提供有價(jià)值的政策建議，而且對(duì)推進(jìn)全國(guó)“節(jié)能減排”目標(biāo)、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文在系統(tǒng)分析國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在能源效率領(lǐng)域取得的研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，基于全要素能源效率的概念框架，借鑒基于松弛的非徑向、非角度的SBM模型和Luenberger生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)，對(duì)2000-2010年中國(guó)30個(gè)省份火電行業(yè)能源效率進(jìn)行了靜態(tài)測(cè)算和動(dòng)態(tài)分解，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)模型分析了火電行業(yè)能源效率的影響因素。結(jié)果表明，環(huán)境約束下的全要素能源綜合效率明顯低于不考慮環(huán)境約束的情況，說(shuō)明環(huán)境的過(guò)度污染對(duì)中國(guó)火電生產(chǎn)效率造成了損失；環(huán)境約束下火電行業(yè)能源效率存在地區(qū)差異,東部效率值要明顯高于中西部效率值；具體從各省來(lái)看，火電行業(yè)全要素能源綜合效率較高的省份主要集中在沿海地區(qū)，而效率較低的省份主要分布在中西部地區(qū)。從無(wú)效率的分解角度看，二氧化硫無(wú)效率是環(huán)境約束下能源無(wú)效率的最主要來(lái)源，產(chǎn)出無(wú)效率則對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)效率沒(méi)有貢獻(xiàn)，不是環(huán)境約束下能源無(wú)效率的來(lái)源。對(duì)能源效率的動(dòng)態(tài)分析中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步水平的高低對(duì)中國(guó)火電行業(yè)生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)有著重要影響。對(duì)能源效率影響因素的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，燃煤效率、機(jī)組容量利用率、技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)環(huán)境約束下火電能源效率有顯著正向影響；能源價(jià)格對(duì)火電行業(yè)能源效率有顯著負(fù)向影響；環(huán)境規(guī)制也對(duì)環(huán)境約束下火電能源效率有正向影響，但不是主要影響因素；從分地區(qū)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果看，不同地區(qū)的影響因素不盡相同。
[Abstract]:Energy saving and emission reduction is an important issue in China's 12th Five-Year Plan and an urgent need to cope with global climate change. Thermal power generation, as the main source of power supply in China, not only needs to consume a lot of non-renewable energy such as coal, but also its production is accompanied by various kinds of pollution, it is the largest emission source of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, and it belongs to the typical "high energy consumption". High pollution industry, thermal power industry has become the key area of energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, objectively and accurately measuring the energy efficiency of thermal power industry in China, evaluating its changing trend, analyzing the regional differences and influencing factors of energy efficiency in thermal power industry, can not only accurately examine the current situation of energy efficiency in thermal power industry in China. It is of great significance to promote the energy efficiency of thermal power industry, to promote the goal of energy saving and emission reduction and to realize the sustainable development of economy and society. Based on the systematic analysis of the research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of energy efficiency, based on the conceptual framework of total factor energy efficiency, the SBM model and Luenberger productivity index based on relaxation non-radial and non-angle are used for reference in this paper. Based on the static calculation and dynamic decomposition of energy efficiency in 30 provinces of China from 2000 to 2010, an econometric model was built to analyze the factors affecting the energy efficiency of thermal power industry. The results show that the comprehensive efficiency of all-factor energy under environmental constraints is obviously lower than that without environmental constraints, indicating that excessive pollution of the environment has caused losses to the efficiency of thermal power production in China. There are regional differences in the energy efficiency of thermal power industry under environmental constraints, and the eastern efficiency value is obviously higher than that in the central and western regions. In the specific provinces, the provinces with high overall energy efficiency of the thermal power industry are mainly concentrated in the coastal areas. The less efficient provinces are mainly located in the central and western regions. From the point of view of inefficiency decomposition, sulfur dioxide inefficiency is the main source of energy inefficiency under environmental constraints, and output inefficiency does not contribute to environmental inefficiency and is not the source of energy inefficiency under environmental constraint. In the dynamic analysis of energy efficiency, we find that the level of technological progress has an important impact on the productivity growth of thermal power industry in China. In the study of the influencing factors of energy efficiency, it is found that coal-burning efficiency, unit capacity utilization ratio and technological progress have significant positive effects on thermal energy efficiency under environmental constraints, and energy prices have significant negative effects on energy efficiency of thermal power industry. Environmental regulation also has a positive effect on the energy efficiency of thermal power under environmental constraints, but it is not the main factor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F205;F426.61

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