發(fā)布時間：2018-07-29 19:04

【摘要】：近年來，隨著“氣荒”的多次出現(xiàn)，“天然氣大幅漲價”的各種傳聞多次成為輿論的焦點。今年兩會報告中提及要在天然氣領域“全面實施天然氣價格改革”，發(fā)揮價格在資源配置中的基礎作用。天然氣定價機制是否合理，必然影響天然氣資源配置及及其帶來的社會福利效果，研究天然氣定價機制及其社會福利效應就具有十分重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。 天然氣作為耗竭性資源，具有不可再生性，由于其作為資源性商品的特性和普通商品不盡相同，因此，其定價機制也應與一般商品存在差異。在我國，天然氣行業(yè)屬于自然壟斷行業(yè)，同時，天然氣生產、運輸、銷售的行業(yè)屬性與不同的定價機制相結合對社會福利的影響也有所不同。 本文回顧了天然氣的國際、國內定價方法和實踐，，并從產業(yè)鏈的角度刻畫天然氣價格。在此基礎上，運用國家統(tǒng)計局及相關油氣公司網站數(shù)據(jù)，計算了我國天然氣市場上主要三家油氣公司（中石油、中石化、中海油）的勒納指數(shù)，分析它們在我國天然氣市場上的各自的市場勢力大小，進而分析了天然氣銷售價格低于生產成本的“價格倒掛”，以及國產氣與進口氣之間形成的“兩種價格”背后的原因，并據(jù)此構建出反映兩類價格的模型。研究表明：天然氣價格上漲，社會福利的短期損失小于長期，對進口天然氣需求的影響小于對國產天然氣需求的影響。 通過本文研究，在定價方面的基本結論是：在定價機制上，一般情況下實現(xiàn)社會福利最大的定價方式是邊際成本定價，而在天然氣領域里存在的眾多定價方式中，目前較為合適的定價方式是市場凈回值定價法。同時，階梯氣價也有可能得以推行。最后，本文針對我國天然氣定價機制和價格革分別提出了從產業(yè)鏈、政府、行業(yè)和企業(yè)四個層面的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the emergence of "gas shortage", all kinds of rumors have become the focus of public opinion many times. This year's report of the two meetings referred to the "comprehensive implementation of natural gas price reform" in the field of natural gas and the basic role of the price in the allocation of resources. However, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the pricing mechanism of natural gas and its social welfare effect by the allocation of gas resources and its social welfare effects.
As an exhaustible resource, natural gas is not renewable. Because of its characteristics and common goods as a resource commodity, its pricing mechanism should also differ from the general commodity. In our country, the natural gas industry belongs to the natural monopoly industry, and the industry attributes of natural gas production, transportation and sales and different pricing machines. The combination of institutions has different effects on social welfare.
This paper reviews the international, domestic pricing methods and practices of natural gas, and describes the price of natural gas from the perspective of industrial chain. On this basis, the Lerner Index of the three major oil and gas companies (Sinopec, Sinopec and CNOOC) in China's natural gas market is calculated by using the National Statistics Bureau and the related oil and gas companies' website data. The size of the market forces in China's natural gas market, and then the analysis of the "price upside down" of the price of natural gas below the production cost and the reasons behind the "two kinds of prices" formed between domestic gas and imported gas, and to build a model for reflecting the two kinds of prices. The study shows that the price of natural gas is rising and social welfare is good. The short-term loss of profit is less than that of long term, and the impact on import natural gas demand is less than that of domestic natural gas demand.
In this paper, the basic conclusion of the pricing is that in the pricing mechanism, the most common way to achieve social welfare is marginal cost pricing, while in many of the pricing modes in the natural gas field, the current pricing method is the market net return pricing method. At the same time, the staircase gas price is also possible. Finally, in view of China's natural gas pricing mechanism and price competition, the paper puts forward four policy proposals from the industrial chain, government, industry and enterprises.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.22;F299.24;F224

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 丁浩;張星臣;何松彪;;基于二次分配復兩部制的天然氣管道運輸定價[J];北京交通大學學報;2006年06期

2 高建剛;;價格上限對市場結構和社會福利的影響[J];重慶大學學報(社會科學版);2009年06期

3 武盈盈;;資源性產業(yè)鏈條中利益分配問題研究——以天然氣資源為例[J];財貿研究;2009年02期

4 楊鳳玲;天然氣價格歧視研究[J];城市燃氣;2004年07期

5 楊波;唐小我;馬永開;;自然壟斷行業(yè)政府規(guī)制定價與效率分析[J];電子科技大學學報;2006年04期

6 蘇素;公用事業(yè)間接管制定價[J];重慶大學學報(自然科學版);2004年05期

7 胡奧林;國外天然氣價格與定價機制[J];國際石油經濟;2002年04期

8 華賁;;LNG產業(yè)鏈成本分析及定價策略[J];國際石油經濟;2007年03期

9 魏澤娥;陳剛;丁勝春;耿軍霞;;大規(guī)模定制產品的成本加成定價方法研究[J];黑龍江對外經貿;2007年02期

10 范秋芳,馬揚;價格管制對天然氣工業(yè)的影響及對策探析[J];價格理論與實踐;2003年09期

本文編號：2153694