本文選題：日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè) + 鉆石模型　； 參考：《云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：過(guò)去幾十年，日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)在本國(guó)資源短缺的局限下，憑借著重視研發(fā)和精益生產(chǎn)在全世界攻城略地，創(chuàng)造了松下、索尼、日立、東芝等全球著名品牌，誕生了松下幸之助、盛田昭夫等大批實(shí)業(yè)英雄。日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)不但贏得了世界市場(chǎng)，而且將自身的企業(yè)文化傳播到世界各地。 2011年日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)了全行業(yè)虧損，眾多知名公司“斷臂求生”。實(shí)際上日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)早有衰落之勢(shì)，從90年代開(kāi)始其市場(chǎng)份額逐漸被韓國(guó)和中國(guó)的同行蠶食。如今日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)在白色家電領(lǐng)域全面潰敗，黑色家電領(lǐng)域電視機(jī)行業(yè)虧損嚴(yán)重、尾大不掉，消費(fèi)類電子領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)新退化、市場(chǎng)需求疲軟，只有在半導(dǎo)體和電子元器件領(lǐng)域還保持著國(guó)際級(jí)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)的衰落是個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。高度集中的財(cái)團(tuán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，擠壓了中小企業(yè)的生存空間，抑制了內(nèi)部的創(chuàng)新動(dòng)力。以往精于制造的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)束縛了企業(yè)的流程再造。20年前日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)錯(cuò)過(guò)了數(shù)字化革命，如今也沒(méi)有跟上智能化浪潮。日本家電企業(yè)曾是韓國(guó)和中國(guó)同行模仿和追趕的對(duì)象。如今日企的衰落對(duì)韓國(guó)和中國(guó)的同行具有很好的借鑒意義。 本文運(yùn)用波特的鉆石模型，從生產(chǎn)要素、需求情況、相關(guān)和支持性產(chǎn)業(yè)、企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略和結(jié)構(gòu)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手、機(jī)會(huì)和政府行為六個(gè)方面對(duì)日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力進(jìn)行了分析，同時(shí)對(duì)比韓國(guó)和中國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的情況，結(jié)合國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的歷史趨勢(shì)，分析出日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力存在多方面的不足，包括人力成本高昂、人口少子化、老齡化，創(chuàng)新環(huán)境惡化，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略低利潤(rùn)化、重硬件輕軟件以及“以己度人”的思維方式等等。根據(jù)這些不足，本文提出了日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部可以改進(jìn)的領(lǐng)域：低端產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際轉(zhuǎn)移、企業(yè)流程再造以及推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)高級(jí)化發(fā)展。 日本家電產(chǎn)業(yè)雖然在眾多領(lǐng)域喪失了國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，但是經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的發(fā)展，日本企業(yè)積累了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和豐富的管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。如果日本家電企業(yè)能夠重塑過(guò)去那種趕超先進(jìn)企業(yè)的精神，保持虛心學(xué)習(xí)的狀態(tài)，改進(jìn)企業(yè)流程，借鑒韓國(guó)和中國(guó)同行的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，，預(yù)計(jì)可以在高端家電和消費(fèi)類電子領(lǐng)域保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
[Abstract]:In the past few decades, under the limitation of the shortage of resources in Japan, the Japanese household appliance industry, relying on the emphasis on R & D and lean production, has attacked the cities around the world, creating world-famous brands such as Matsushita, Sony, Hitachi, Toshiba, and so on. The Matsushita Konosuke was born. Morita Akio and a large number of industrial heroes. Japanese home appliance industry not only won the world market, but also spread its own corporate culture to the world. In 2011, Japan's home appliance industry suffered losses throughout the industry, and many well-known companies "broke their arms to survive." As a matter of fact, Japan's home appliance industry has long been in decline, and its market share has been gradually eroded by its counterparts in South Korea and China since the 1990s. Now the Japanese household electrical appliances industry is in total collapse in the field of white appliances, the television industry in the field of black electrical appliances is losing a lot of money, and the consumer electronics field is innovating and degenerating, and the market demand is weak. Only in the field of semiconductors and electronic components remain international competitiveness. The decline of Japanese home appliance industry is a complicated process. The highly concentrated consortia economy squeezes the living space of small and medium-sized enterprises and restrains the internal innovation power. Successful manufacturing experience has constrained business process reengineering. 20 years ago, Japan's home appliance industry missed the digital revolution, and now it has not kept up with the tide of intelligence. Japanese appliance enterprises have been the object of imitation and catch-up by their Korean and Chinese counterparts. Such as the decline of enterprises today to South Korea and China's peers have a good reference. Based on Porter's diamond model, this paper analyzes the competitiveness of Japanese home appliance industry from six aspects: factors of production, demand, related and supportive industries, enterprise strategy and structure, competitors, opportunities and government behavior. At the same time, by comparing the situation of Korean and Chinese competitors and combining with the historical trend of international industrial development, it is analyzed that there are many shortcomings in the competitiveness of Japan's home appliance industry, including high manpower costs, small population, aging, and deteriorating innovation environment. Low-profit competitive strategy, heavy on hardware and software, as well as "do your own" way of thinking and so on. According to these shortcomings, this paper puts forward the fields that can be improved in the domestic appliance industry of Japan: international transfer of low-end industries, reengineering of enterprise processes and promotion of the development of advanced industries. Although the Japanese household appliance industry has lost its international competitiveness in many fields, after decades of development, Japanese enterprises have accumulated advanced technology and rich management experience. If Japanese appliance enterprises can reshape the spirit of catching up with and surpassing advanced enterprises in the past, maintain an open-minded learning state, improve their business processes, and learn from the successful experiences of their Korean and Chinese counterparts, It is expected to remain competitive in the field of high-end home appliances and consumer electronics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F416.6;F431.3

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