煙草行業(yè)并購整合績效研究
本文選題:專賣制度 + 市場結(jié)構; 參考:《華東政法大學》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:煙草行業(yè)是一個國家壟斷的行業(yè),實行嚴格的煙草專賣制度。本文介紹了國內(nèi)煙草市場的大背景:農(nóng)業(yè)是煙草市場的源頭,中國產(chǎn)區(qū)主要種植的是烤煙,歷年來種植效率沒有明顯提升,產(chǎn)大于銷的局面長期存在;工業(yè)是煙草行業(yè)的核心部分,近年來經(jīng)濟效益明顯提升,品牌結(jié)構的“461”和“532”格局初步形成;商業(yè)是煙草市場的重要組成部分,國內(nèi)銷量穩(wěn)定增長,省際間交易量增加,消費傾向日趨高端。在世界煙草市場中:中國是世界第一的煙葉種植國和卷煙制造國;世界煙葉生產(chǎn)格局出現(xiàn)變化,產(chǎn)量從大幅增加轉(zhuǎn)為穩(wěn)定增長;卷煙制造格局也發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,美國、日本等發(fā)達國家煙草產(chǎn)量大幅下降,而孟加拉國、越南等發(fā)展中國家產(chǎn)量明顯增加;如今吸煙人數(shù)約占世界吸煙人口的五分之一,40%以上的煙草制品來自四大煙草集團的產(chǎn)品,中國煙草企業(yè)的競爭壓力巨大。世界煙草市場的發(fā)展趨勢是從多元化經(jīng)營向主營業(yè)務回歸、品牌優(yōu)勢凸顯以及大規(guī)模的海外并購;同時煙草行業(yè)也面臨著煙草稅收增加、非法貿(mào)易擠兌、政府管制嚴苛等多方面的挑戰(zhàn)。本文對于中國煙草業(yè)的SCP分析、工業(yè)企業(yè)重組以及產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方向的研究主要采用實證分析和模型分析相結(jié)合的方法。在SCP分析中,政府管制下的中國煙草產(chǎn)業(yè)通過兼并重組使得市場集中度提高,但比起國外仍然較低;絕對費用壁壘和MES的存在決定了煙草行業(yè)的高進入壁壘;煙草行業(yè)對于廣告、定價行為有著嚴格的限制;市場結(jié)構對于市場績效有著顯著的正相關等。在企業(yè)重組績效的考察中,首先介紹了重組過程、形式以及關系轉(zhuǎn)變,然后將中國煙草業(yè)重組分為省內(nèi)重組和跨省重組兩個階段進行考察:對省內(nèi)重組的考察運用的是因子分析法,結(jié)論是約三分之二的企業(yè)績效得以提升;對跨省重組的考察用了綜合要素生產(chǎn)率指標,結(jié)果表明63%的績效提升來源于技術進步。本文最后將在國際視角下對中國煙草行業(yè)發(fā)展方向進行探究:一方面是煙草行業(yè)作為對于國家財政貢獻突出的行業(yè),,通過對卷煙價格彈性的測量,進一步將“寓禁于征”政策運用于這個特殊行業(yè);另一方面在于煙草工業(yè)的橫向一體化已經(jīng)基本成型,在煙草行業(yè)的未來的發(fā)展中,如何將整個行業(yè)進行產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈整合,實現(xiàn)縱向一體化,使中式卷煙更具世界競爭力和國際影響力。
[Abstract]:Tobacco industry is a state monopoly industry, the implementation of strict tobacco monopoly system. This paper introduces the background of the domestic tobacco market: agriculture is the source of the tobacco market, and flue-cured tobacco is the main planting area in China. The planting efficiency has not been obviously improved over the years, and the production is larger than the market for a long time. Industry is the core part of the tobacco industry. In recent years, the economic benefits have been obviously improved, and the pattern of "461" and "532" of the brand structure has been initially formed. Commerce is an important part of the tobacco market, with steady growth of domestic sales volume and increase in inter-provincial trading volume. The trend of consumption is becoming higher and higher. In the world tobacco market: China is the world's number one tobacco grower and cigarette manufacturer; the world tobacco production pattern has changed from a large increase to a steady increase; the pattern of cigarette manufacturing has also shifted, the United States, Tobacco production in developed countries, such as Japan, has dropped sharply, while that in developing countries such as Bangladesh and Vietnam has increased significantly. Today, more than 1/5 or 40 percent of the world's smokers come from the products of the four major tobacco groups. The competition pressure of Chinese tobacco enterprises is enormous. The development trend of the world tobacco market is to return from diversification to the main business, the brand advantages are prominent and large-scale overseas mergers and acquisitions. At the same time, the tobacco industry is also facing an increase in tobacco tax revenue and a run on illegal trade. There are many challenges such as strict government regulation. In this paper, the SCP analysis of Chinese tobacco industry, the restructuring of industrial enterprises and the direction of industrial development are mainly studied by the combination of empirical analysis and model analysis. In the SCP analysis, the Chinese tobacco industry under the control of the government increases the market concentration through merger and reorganization, but it is still lower than the foreign countries, the absolute cost barrier and the existence of MES determine the high entry barrier of the tobacco industry. Tobacco industry has strict restrictions on advertising pricing behavior and market structure has significant positive correlation with market performance. In the investigation of the performance of enterprise reorganization, the paper first introduces the process, form and relationship change of reorganization. Then, the reorganization of Chinese tobacco industry is divided into two stages: one is factor analysis method, the other is factor analysis method. The conclusion is that about 2/3 of the enterprises' performance can be improved. The comprehensive factor productivity index is used to investigate the inter-provincial reorganization. The results show that 63% of the performance improvement comes from technological progress. In the end, this paper will explore the development direction of Chinese tobacco industry from an international perspective: on the one hand, the tobacco industry, as an industry with outstanding financial contribution to the country, measures the price elasticity of cigarettes. On the other hand, the horizontal integration of the tobacco industry has basically taken shape. In the future development of the tobacco industry, how to integrate the whole industry into an industrial chain, Realize vertical integration to make Chinese cigarettes more competitive in the world and international influence.
【學位授予單位】:華東政法大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:F271;F426.89
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