本文選題：管理 + 食品��； 參考：《中國(guó)人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)以民為本，民以食為天，食以安為先。食品是人們每日都不可缺少的，因而食品安全必定是社會(huì)最為關(guān)注的問(wèn)題之一。近年來(lái)，國(guó)內(nèi)媒體相繼報(bào)道了大量食品安全事件，包括三鹿奶粉添加三聚氰胺、肯德基的蘇丹紅、雀巢奶粉的碘超標(biāo)、哈根達(dá)斯的“黑作坊”事件等，均引起了社會(huì)各界的高度關(guān)注，由此引發(fā)了對(duì)我國(guó)食品安全管理機(jī)制大量的質(zhì)疑和反思。其中牽涉到相關(guān)職能部門(mén)的長(zhǎng)效監(jiān)管職能、事態(tài)評(píng)估及應(yīng)急反應(yīng)能力、媒體監(jiān)督與管控、事件責(zé)任追查、民眾食品安全知識(shí)普及、與國(guó)際食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的銜接與溝通等多方面相互交叉的問(wèn)題，且這些問(wèn)題均須在短時(shí)間內(nèi)以積極、高效、科學(xué)、負(fù)責(zé)任的方式體現(xiàn)出工作效果，這引發(fā)了我們對(duì)建立、完善我國(guó)食品安全危機(jī)管理體系的思考。本文的研究目的在于探討如何提高我國(guó)食品安全危機(jī)管理能力。 本文綜合運(yùn)用了文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研法、分析歸納法、典型案例研究、專家咨詢和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研等方法，以社會(huì)管理作為基礎(chǔ)視角，從“食品安全”和“危機(jī)管理”兩個(gè)概念為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，將管理學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的危機(jī)管理理念引入食品安全的長(zhǎng)效管理和應(yīng)急機(jī)制建設(shè)中。查找我國(guó)食品安全危機(jī)管理的不足，系統(tǒng)分析國(guó)內(nèi)外食品安全危機(jī)管理的案例，總結(jié)其經(jīng)驗(yàn)，針對(duì)我國(guó)食品安全危機(jī)管理方式中的問(wèn)題提出對(duì)策建議，以進(jìn)一步完善我國(guó)食品安全危機(jī)管理體系。 本論文第一、二部分闡述相關(guān)概念，介紹管理學(xué)中的危機(jī)管理理論以及如何將這一理論應(yīng)用到食品安全危機(jī)管理中。研究了目前我國(guó)食品安全危機(jī)管理的現(xiàn)狀與問(wèn)題，得出的主要結(jié)論包括：組織體系方面，我國(guó)已經(jīng)形成從中央到地方各級(jí)的危機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)體系，但是分段監(jiān)管的模式導(dǎo)致危機(jī)預(yù)防管理失效。工作機(jī)制建設(shè)方面，我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警體系初步建成；獨(dú)立的危機(jī)調(diào)查機(jī)制和食品召回體制尚未形成；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)交流越來(lái)越得到重視，但依然是薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。保障措施方面，法律法規(guī)逐步完善；從國(guó)家到地方，溯源體系建設(shè)普遍得到重視并取得了一定的成就；但我國(guó)現(xiàn)有食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及制定流程、食品安全檢測(cè)技術(shù)都亟待加強(qiáng)；另外，雖然從中央到地方都制定了相應(yīng)的危機(jī)應(yīng)急預(yù)案，但其可操作性仍有待完善。 第三部分對(duì)“三鹿奶粉事件”、“多寶魚(yú)事件”和“瘦肉精事件”進(jìn)行了回顧和分析，總結(jié)了上述食品安全危機(jī)事件應(yīng)對(duì)中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。其中“三鹿奶粉事件”暴露出政府監(jiān)管缺位，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)分散、不協(xié)調(diào)，檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Σ詈唾|(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系不健全的問(wèn)題�！岸鄬汈~(yú)事件”的成功應(yīng)對(duì)凸顯了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析理念的重要作用，充分說(shuō)明了食品安全評(píng)估必須堅(jiān)持科學(xué)原則，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理決策要充分考慮社會(huì)和國(guó)情因素以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信息交流的渠道應(yīng)統(tǒng)一，內(nèi)容應(yīng)通俗易懂�！笆萑饩录北┞冻龅闹饕獑�(wèn)題包括食品行業(yè)“利益為先”；食品安全檢測(cè)部門(mén)之間銜接不暢、檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不能適應(yīng)目前形勢(shì)、檢測(cè)范圍較窄、日常抽檢流于形式；食品安全信息不對(duì)稱；獸藥使用管理不規(guī)范等問(wèn)題。 第四部分分析了美國(guó)的食品安全管理體系。美國(guó)的食品安全管理體系是建立在一套健全靈活的聯(lián)邦和地方法律體系和食品行業(yè)依法生產(chǎn)安全食品的行業(yè)自律基礎(chǔ)之上。聯(lián)邦、州和地方相關(guān)部門(mén)相互配合，共同管理美國(guó)的食品安全。信息公開(kāi)透明、全責(zé)明晰，注重基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的食品安全分析方法和預(yù)警系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，形成了完善的、高效的食品安全監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)、有序的食源性疫情調(diào)查制度以及食品召回制度。面對(duì)食品安全領(lǐng)域不斷出現(xiàn)的各種新的挑戰(zhàn)，美國(guó)也對(duì)其食品安全監(jiān)管體系做出重大變革國(guó)，包括重新修訂了適用了七十多年的《聯(lián)邦食品、藥品、化妝品法》，頒布《美國(guó)食品和藥品管理局食品安全現(xiàn)代化法》，，并成立聯(lián)邦食品安全工作組作為聯(lián)邦政府食品安全行動(dòng)的中心協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，由總統(tǒng)直接負(fù)責(zé)。 第五部分回顧分析了“美國(guó)毒菠菜事件”、“美國(guó)沙門(mén)氏菌污染花生醬事件”和“多州田納西沙門(mén)菌感染爆發(fā)事件”�！懊绹�(guó)毒菠菜事件”中，美國(guó)“統(tǒng)一管理、屬地為主、分級(jí)響應(yīng)”的應(yīng)急預(yù)警機(jī)制為我們樹(shù)立了良好的典范，同時(shí)為我們提供了降低食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及有效應(yīng)對(duì)食品安全危機(jī)可供參考的策略選擇，主要包括規(guī)范生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、鼓勵(lì)地區(qū)營(yíng)銷機(jī)構(gòu)簽署營(yíng)銷協(xié)議、加強(qiáng)食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究、完善可追溯系統(tǒng)、充分發(fā)揮媒體的積極作用�！懊绹�(guó)沙門(mén)氏菌污染花生醬事件”處置則凸顯了嚴(yán)格的食品召回制度和食品生產(chǎn)安全管理在食品安全危機(jī)管理中的重要作用�！岸嘀萏锛{西沙門(mén)菌感染爆發(fā)事件”充分體現(xiàn)了PulseNet如何在美國(guó)食源性疫情的調(diào)查中發(fā)揮重要作用，因此成為近十年來(lái)美國(guó)最有效的食源性疫情監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 最后一部分提出了我國(guó)食品安全危機(jī)管理體系完善的對(duì)策。首先，在組織體系建設(shè)方面提出應(yīng)增強(qiáng)食品安全協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)的整體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用；擴(kuò)大非政府組織在食品安全危機(jī)管理中的作用。第二，在食品安全危機(jī)管理機(jī)制建設(shè)方面，提出應(yīng)建立多渠道的危機(jī)預(yù)警機(jī)制（包括實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控國(guó)內(nèi)外媒體、研究專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)，對(duì)潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提前進(jìn)行檢測(cè)、利用預(yù)警系統(tǒng)對(duì)歷史數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析、找出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變化規(guī)律、實(shí)現(xiàn)食品安全各管理部門(mén)間的預(yù)警信息共享、委托第三方承擔(dān)檢驗(yàn)工作、從國(guó)外限制中國(guó)進(jìn)口食品清單中尋找風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來(lái)源、完善落實(shí)舉報(bào)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度）；提高執(zhí)業(yè)人員技術(shù)、執(zhí)法和道德水平；建立危機(jī)事后評(píng)估機(jī)制；切實(shí)發(fā)揮食品安全專家?guī)斓淖饔�。最后，在保障措施建設(shè)方面，提出應(yīng)加強(qiáng)食品安全危機(jī)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)交流能力；建立“從農(nóng)田到餐桌”全過(guò)程的全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的食品認(rèn)證追溯體系；建立懲罰性賠償制度嚴(yán)懲不法商家；完善問(wèn)題食品召回程序及操作制度。
[Abstract]:In recent years , domestic media have reported a great deal of questions about food safety management mechanism , including the addition of melamine to Sanlu milk powder , the tracing of events responsibility , the popularization of people ' s food safety knowledge , the connection and communication with the international food safety standard , and the discussion on establishing and perfecting the management system of food safety crisis in China . The purpose of this paper is to explore how to improve the management ability of food safety crisis in China .

Based on the concept of " food safety " and " crisis management " , the paper comprehensively uses the methods of literature investigation , analysis and induction , typical case study , expert consultation and spot investigation , and puts forward the management idea of crisis management in the field of management to the long - term management of food safety and the construction of emergency mechanism . The article analyzes the shortage of food safety crisis management in China , analyzes the case of food safety crisis management at home and abroad , summarizes the experience and puts forward some suggestions for the problems in the management of food safety crisis in China , so as to further improve the food safety crisis management system in China .

In the first and second part of this paper , the concept of crisis management and how to apply the theory in food safety crisis management are introduced . The main conclusions are as follows : In the aspect of organizational system , China has formed crisis response system from central to local level , but the model of segment supervision has led to crisis prevention and management failure .
Independent crisis investigation mechanism and food recall system have not yet been formed ;
Risk communication is getting more and more attention , but it is still a weak link . With regard to safeguard measures , laws and regulations are gradually improved ;
From the state to the place , the construction of the traceability system has been paid much attention and some achievements have been achieved ;
However , the existing food safety standards and the development process of our country , food safety detection technology need to be strengthened ;
In addition , although the corresponding crisis emergency plan has been developed from the central to the local area , its operability is still to be improved .

The third part reviews and analyzes the " Sanlu milk powder event " , " multi - treasure fish " and " lean meat essence " , summarizes the experiences and lessons of the food safety crisis response .
The connection between the food safety inspection departments is not smooth , the detection standard cannot adapt to the current situation , the detection range is narrow , and the daily spot check flow is in the form ;
the food safety information is not symmetrical ;
The use and management of veterinary drugs is not standardized .

In the fourth part , the United States food safety management system is analyzed . The United States food safety management system is based on a sound and flexible federal and local legal system and the self - discipline of the food industry in accordance with the law . The federal , state and local authorities cooperate with each other to jointly manage the food safety in the United States . In the face of the emerging challenges in the food safety field , the United States has also made major changes to its food safety monitoring system , including the re - revision of the Food and Drug Administration Food Safety Modernization Act of the United States , and the establishment of the Federal Food Safety Working Group as the central coordinating mechanism for the Federal Government ' s food safety action , which is directly responsible for the President .

The fifth part reviews the " American poisonous spinach event " , " American salmonella pollution peanut butter event " and " multi - state Tennessee salmonella infection outbreak event " . The emergency alert mechanism of " united management , territorial main and graded response " in the United States has set a good example for us , and also provides us with the important role of reducing food safety risk and the effect on food safety crisis management .

At last , the paper puts forward the countermeasures for the improvement of the food safety crisis management system in China . First , it puts forward the overall leadership of the coordination mechanism of food safety in the aspects of organizational system construction ;
Second , in the construction of food safety crisis management mechanism , it is proposed that multi - channel crisis early warning mechanism should be established ( including real - time monitoring domestic and foreign media , research professional literature , early warning information sharing between various management departments of food safety ) , and entrusting third party to undertake inspection work .
improve that technical , law enforcement and ethical level of practitioners ;
Establish a post - crisis evaluation mechanism ;
Finally , put forward the risk communication ability to strengthen the food safety crisis in the aspects of the construction of safeguard measures ;
Establish a nationwide unified food certification traceability system from farmland to dining table ;
Establish a punitive damages system to severely punish illegal businesses ;
Perfect problem food recall procedure and operation system .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F203;F426.82

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 任端平;潘思軼;薛世軍;何暉;;論中國(guó)食品安全法律體系的完善[J];食品科學(xué);2006年05期

本文編號(hào)：1746951