本文選題：建筑業(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：信用　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：信用是現(xiàn)代市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的生命，，是市場經(jīng)濟(jì)正常運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)。建筑業(yè)作為一個重要產(chǎn)業(yè)，對整個國民經(jīng)濟(jì)起到至關(guān)重要的作用。目前建筑業(yè)的信用存在的一些問題，究其原因可以歸納為市場主體的失信，這些問題直接制約著整個產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展質(zhì)量。失信行為擾亂了建筑市場的經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，增加了企業(yè)的運(yùn)營成本，也降低了我國建筑企業(yè)的競爭力，對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的健康發(fā)展起到負(fù)面影響。 本文選擇建筑業(yè)的信用作為研究對象，歸納整理相關(guān)理論，提出信用的內(nèi)涵應(yīng)滿足履約和合規(guī)兩方面的要求。對建筑市場中失信問題采用李克特量表法進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查，并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)建設(shè)單位主要的信用問題包括招標(biāo)違規(guī)和拖欠工程款；勘察設(shè)計單位主要的信用問題包括企業(yè)資質(zhì)造假和勘察設(shè)計質(zhì)量低下；工程承包商主要的信用問題包括企業(yè)資質(zhì)造假、投標(biāo)違規(guī)、違法分包轉(zhuǎn)包、工程質(zhì)量低下、施工安全管理不善等；監(jiān)理單位主要的信用問題為監(jiān)理人員素質(zhì)不能滿足要求等。而造成建筑業(yè)信用問題的原因主要是行業(yè)信用制度約束不足、企業(yè)資質(zhì)管理制度存在缺陷、建筑市場競爭失衡、社會信用意識薄弱和社會教育不足等。 我國現(xiàn)階段建筑業(yè)信用體系的建設(shè)存在不足，包括未建立系統(tǒng)的法律法規(guī)體系、信用信息體系提供的信息質(zhì)量不高、信用評價體系缺乏統(tǒng)一性、評價方法不合理、評價對象存在局限性等問題，這些不足制約著管理部門的信用監(jiān)管作用的發(fā)揮。對于信用監(jiān)管的重要工具——信用信息平臺，本文通過對比分析國外信用信息體系的模式和適用條件，提出現(xiàn)階段我國建筑業(yè)信用信息體系建設(shè)應(yīng)以政府為主導(dǎo)。 為了客觀準(zhǔn)確反映市場主體的信用狀況，本文以工程承包商為例，使用信用能力和信用行為兩類評價要素，采用層次分析法構(gòu)建信用評價指標(biāo)體系。構(gòu)建結(jié)果表明，工程質(zhì)量缺陷、不按圖施工、發(fā)生工程安全事故、資質(zhì)造假、拖欠工人工資等指標(biāo)在信用評價時占據(jù)較為重要的地位。 最后對建筑業(yè)的信用建設(shè)提出建議。政府管理部門，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步健全系統(tǒng)的信用法律法規(guī)體系、信用信息體系和信用監(jiān)管體系，積極培育信用服務(wù)組織。除此之外，還應(yīng)完善原有的建筑市場管理制度，包括企業(yè)資質(zhì)管理制度、從業(yè)人員執(zhí)業(yè)資格管理制度、工程招投標(biāo)制度；建筑企業(yè)，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)企業(yè)的信用管理，包括對交易伙伴的信用評價、信用風(fēng)險控制和自身的信用管理；對于社會而言，家庭、學(xué)校、社會、職業(yè)應(yīng)從各方面加強(qiáng)對社會成員的信用教育，建立誠實(shí)守信的社會環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Credit is the life of the modern market economy and the basis for the normal operation of the market economy. As an important industry, the construction industry plays a vital role in the whole national economy. At present, there are some problems in the credit of the construction industry. These problems directly restrict the development quality of the whole industry. The discredit behavior disturbs the economic order of the construction market and increases the operating cost of the enterprise. It also reduces the competitiveness of Chinese construction enterprises and has a negative impact on the healthy development of national economy and society. This paper chooses the credit of the construction industry as the research object, sums up the relevant theories, and puts forward that the connotation of the credit should meet the requirements of performance and compliance. Through statistical analysis of the results, it is found that the main credit problems of the construction units include the illegal bidding and defaulting on the project funds, the main credit problems of the survey and design units include the false qualification of the enterprises and the low quality of the survey and design. The main credit problems of project contractor include enterprise qualification fraud, bidding violation, illegal subcontracting, low project quality, poor construction safety management and so on. The main credit problems of supervision units are that the quality of supervisors can not meet the requirements, and the main reasons for the credit problems in construction industry are the insufficient constraints of the industry credit system, the defects in the enterprise qualification management system, and the imbalance in the competition in the construction market. The social credit consciousness is weak and the social education is insufficient. At present, the construction of credit system of construction industry in our country is deficient, including not establishing a systematic system of laws and regulations, the quality of information provided by credit information system is not high, the credit evaluation system lacks of unity, and the evaluation method is unreasonable. There are some problems in the evaluation object, such as limitations, which restrict the function of credit supervision of management department. For the important tool of credit supervision, credit information platform, By comparing and analyzing the models and applicable conditions of foreign credit information system, this paper puts forward that the construction of credit information system of construction industry in our country should be dominated by the government at present. In order to objectively and accurately reflect the credit status of the main body of the market, this paper takes the project contractor as an example, uses the credit ability and the credit behavior two kinds of evaluation elements, uses the analytic hierarchy process to construct the credit appraisal index system. Engineering quality defects, construction not according to drawings, engineering safety accidents, false qualifications, workers' salary arrears and other indicators occupy a more important position in credit evaluation. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the credit construction of the construction industry. Government management departments should further improve the system of credit laws and regulations, credit information system and credit supervision system, and actively cultivate credit service organizations. We should also improve the original construction market management system, including the enterprise qualification management system, the professional qualification management system, the project bidding system, and the construction enterprise, should strengthen the credit management of the enterprise, including the credit evaluation of the trading partner, To the society, family, school, society and profession should strengthen the credit education to the members of the society from all aspects, and establish the social environment of honesty and trustworthiness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.92

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