本文選題：采購(gòu)策略　切入點(diǎn)：原料分類　出處：《燕山大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)今中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)代化的步伐越來(lái)越快，電梯行業(yè)作為城市發(fā)展的結(jié)晶成為制造業(yè)的新興行業(yè)并有了巨大的發(fā)展。Q公司作為此行業(yè)里的一員，在面臨的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的發(fā)展大潮里遇到了自己的問(wèn)題：生產(chǎn)成本增高，銷售利潤(rùn)走低。導(dǎo)致這一問(wèn)題的發(fā)生有以下主要原因：客戶需求多樣化給生產(chǎn)和采購(gòu)帶來(lái)了新的難題；需求訂單提前期縮短而采購(gòu)期卻很長(zhǎng)；原料價(jià)格變動(dòng)大、購(gòu)買種類復(fù)雜；采購(gòu)人員處理臨時(shí)訂單和小訂單數(shù)量多導(dǎo)致采購(gòu)效率低下；原料采購(gòu)的計(jì)劃不周詳?shù)�。本論文以理論知識(shí)與實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合的方式，在充分認(rèn)識(shí)高效采購(gòu)對(duì)降低成本的能動(dòng)作用影響下，通過(guò)分析現(xiàn)狀研究符合Q公司實(shí)際的采購(gòu)策略以解決它所面臨的問(wèn)題。 本文從重點(diǎn)原料細(xì)分的角度出發(fā)。首先，結(jié)合M產(chǎn)品的物料清單，采用模糊綜合評(píng)判決策分析出對(duì)M產(chǎn)品的原料采購(gòu)成本影響較大的幾種原料。目的是對(duì)這些重要原料進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)管理，以期在付出相同努力的前提下，可以快速收到效果，并積累管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為日后更加詳致的采購(gòu)管理打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。其次，結(jié)合Q公司現(xiàn)狀在對(duì)原料分類相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行闡述和分析的前提下，本文提出了將模糊聚類與Kraljic矩陣分類原則相結(jié)合的原料分類方法。通過(guò)分析近幾年各學(xué)者對(duì)分類指標(biāo)的研究，篩選出了適合Q公司在原料重要性和供應(yīng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這兩個(gè)維度的的分類指標(biāo)，，成功建立了分類指標(biāo)體系，最終將原料分為四大類：一般原料、瓶頸原料、杠桿原料和戰(zhàn)略原料。最后，在重要原料分類的基礎(chǔ)上本文分別分析各類原料的特點(diǎn)，根據(jù)Q公司的現(xiàn)狀選擇出適合各類原料的采購(gòu)策略，包括：框架協(xié)議采購(gòu)策略、單一化采購(gòu)策略、準(zhǔn)時(shí)化采購(gòu)策略以及戰(zhàn)略采購(gòu)采購(gòu)策略，并給出了相應(yīng)策略的實(shí)施流程和實(shí)施建議。 本文不僅驗(yàn)證了評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系和分類方法的有效性，更重要的是通過(guò)層層分析，找到了節(jié)約成本、增加利潤(rùn)并且提升Q公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的根源，并從策略層面設(shè)法找到采購(gòu)技巧、給出了具體提高工作效率的實(shí)施方法。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the pace of urban modernization in China is getting faster and faster. The elevator industry, as the crystallization of urban development, has become a new industry of manufacturing industry and has a great development. Q Company is a member of this industry. In the fierce competition in the tide of development encountered their own problems: higher production costs, lower sales profits, leading to this problem has the following main reasons: the diversification of customer demand has brought new problems to production and procurement; The demand order lead time is shortened but the purchase period is very long; the raw material price changes greatly, the purchase type is complex, the procureur handles the temporary order and the small order quantity many causes the procurement efficiency to be low; This paper combines the theory knowledge with the actual situation, and fully understands the dynamic effect of efficient purchasing on reducing the cost. Through the analysis of the current situation of Q company in accordance with the actual procurement strategy to solve the problems it faces. This paper starts from the point of view of the subdivision of key raw materials. First of all, combining with the bill of materials of M products, Several kinds of raw materials which have a great influence on the purchasing cost of M products are analyzed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation decision. The purpose is to manage these important raw materials so as to get results quickly under the premise of paying the same efforts. And accumulated management experience to lay a solid foundation for more detailed procurement management in the future. Secondly, combined with Q Company's current situation on the basis of the introduction and analysis of the related knowledge of material classification, In this paper, a method of classifying raw materials based on fuzzy clustering and Kraljic matrix classification principle is put forward. The classification indexes suitable for Q Company in the two dimensions of material importance and supply risk are selected, and the classification index system is established successfully. Finally, the raw materials are divided into four categories: general raw materials, bottleneck raw materials, and so on. Finally, on the basis of the classification of important raw materials, this paper analyzes the characteristics of all kinds of raw materials, and according to the current situation of Q Company, selects the procurement strategy suitable for all kinds of raw materials, including: framework agreement procurement strategy, The single purchasing strategy, the punctual purchasing strategy and the strategic purchasing strategy are presented, and the implementation flow and suggestions are given. This paper not only verifies the effectiveness of the evaluation index system and classification method, but also finds out the root of cost saving, increasing profit and improving Q company's competitiveness through layer by layer analysis, and tries to find the purchasing skills from the strategic level. The implementation method of improving working efficiency is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F274;F224;F426.4

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