本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電力體制改革 壟斷 定價(jià) 監(jiān)管　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電力行業(yè)由于其特殊的屬性,在過去一直被認(rèn)為是自然壟斷行業(yè),所以世界各國原來一直對(duì)其實(shí)施垂直一體化的壟斷經(jīng)營。然而,隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人們慢慢認(rèn)識(shí)到,電力行業(yè)只有在輸電和配電這兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)具有自然壟斷的特征,而在發(fā)電和售電的環(huán)節(jié)不具有自然壟斷性,應(yīng)該引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制。 新中國成立以來,中國的電力行業(yè)通過幾十年的發(fā)展,取得了舉世矚目的成績。但是我國電力隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,壟斷式的電力發(fā)展模式已經(jīng)越來越不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在當(dāng)今社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需求,所以電力體制改革的呼聲在近幾年越來越強(qiáng)烈。因此,在電力行業(yè)發(fā)展的同時(shí),我國的電力行業(yè)也在進(jìn)行著不斷的改革。直到2002年4月,國務(wù)院制定了電力體制改革方案,希望打破電力行業(yè)的壟斷,引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng),對(duì)電力行業(yè)進(jìn)行了拆分。把發(fā)電企業(yè)拆分成5家發(fā)電公司,把電網(wǎng)按區(qū)域拆分成國家電網(wǎng)和南方電網(wǎng),然后又按區(qū)域再拆分成多個(gè)區(qū)域電網(wǎng)公司。同時(shí),把電網(wǎng)、發(fā)電和輔業(yè)切割,成立了四大輔業(yè)集團(tuán)公司,同時(shí)成立國家電力監(jiān)管委員會(huì),形成電力行業(yè)的新格局。 但是從目前看,電力行業(yè)仍存在很多困難,比如電價(jià)的不合理,電力監(jiān)管的混亂,電力體制改革過程中法律的不健全等等。英國是最早進(jìn)行電力體制改革的國家,也是目前電力體制改革比較成功的發(fā)達(dá)國家。如何從本國國情出發(fā),借鑒英國電力體制改革的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),更加有效的改革,促進(jìn)電力行業(yè)健康發(fā)展是本文探討的重點(diǎn)。 本文主要分為5個(gè)部分。 第一章是緒論,對(duì)我國電力體制改革的背景進(jìn)行介紹,然后在研究動(dòng)態(tài)部分,對(duì)國內(nèi)外電力體制改革的研究做簡(jiǎn)單的分析,介紹國內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者的研究成果,同時(shí)對(duì)其進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的評(píng)價(jià)。 第二章介紹我國電力體制改革的歷程,對(duì)目前我國電力體制改革的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析。著重分析我國電力行業(yè)的發(fā)電、輸電、配電和售電4個(gè)方面。指出在發(fā)電側(cè)和售電側(cè)需要引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的必要性。同時(shí)指出改革中電力市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)展緩慢,電力企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不強(qiáng),電力監(jiān)管不到位等問題。 第三章簡(jiǎn)單介紹英國電力體制改革的過程,提出其改革中出現(xiàn)的問題和目前取得的成績。英國已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷3次電力體制改革,分別是電力庫模式、新電力交易制度、電力交易和傳輸機(jī)制模式以及在準(zhǔn)備中第4次改革。英國的電力體制改革過程將是我國電力體制改革的一個(gè)很好的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。 第四章,通過對(duì)前兩章中英兩國電力體制改革的分析,比較中英兩國電力體制改革的背景,電力體制改革的模式,電價(jià)的定位方式,電力的監(jiān)管以及法律的支撐等方面,指出困擾中國電力體制改革的因素和我國電力體制改革應(yīng)該如何改進(jìn)。 第五章,對(duì)我國電力體制改革提出幾點(diǎn)建議。最后,在文章結(jié)尾部分對(duì)本文做簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié),指出本人的研究工作的作用和意義,同時(shí)指明文章中存在的局限性和需要改進(jìn)的地方。
[Abstract]:The electric power industry has been regarded as a natural monopoly industry in the past because of its special attribute. Therefore, the countries all over the world have been implementing vertical integration monopoly management. However, with the development of market economy, people gradually realize that, The electric power industry only has the characteristics of natural monopoly in the transmission and distribution links, but not in the power generation and electricity sale links, so the competitive mechanism should be introduced. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's electric power industry has made remarkable achievements through decades of development. However, with the development of China's economy, The monopolistic mode of electric power development has become more and more unable to meet the needs of today's social and economic development, so the voice of electric power system reform has become more and more intense in recent years. Therefore, while the electric power industry is developing, In April 2002, the State Council formulated a plan for the reform of the power system, hoping to break the monopoly of the power industry and introduce competition. The power industry has been split up. The power generation enterprises have been divided into five power companies, the power grid has been divided into the State Grid and the Southern Power Grid by region, and then divided into several regional grid companies by region. At the same time, the power grid has been divided into a number of regional grid companies. Power generation and auxiliary cutting, the establishment of four major auxiliary industry group companies, at the same time set up a national electricity regulatory committee, forming a new pattern of the power industry. However, at present, there are still many difficulties in the power industry, such as the unreasonable price of electricity, the confusion of electricity regulation, the imperfection of laws in the process of reforming the power system, and so on. Britain was the first country to carry out the reform of the power system. It is also a successful developed country to reform the electric power system at present. How to draw lessons from the successful experience of the reform of the electric power system in Britain, and how to promote the healthy development of the electric power industry is the key point of this paper. This paper is divided into five parts. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the background of the electric power system reform in our country, then in the research dynamic part, it makes a simple analysis to the domestic and foreign electric power system reform research, introduces the domestic and foreign experts and scholars' research results. At the same time, it is evaluated briefly. The second chapter introduces the history of China's electric power system reform, analyzes the current situation of China's electric power system reform, and focuses on the analysis of power generation and transmission in China's electric power industry. This paper points out the necessity of introducing competition into the generation side and the selling side, and points out that the power market progress is slow in the reform, the competitiveness of the power enterprise is not strong, and the electricity supervision is not in place. The third chapter briefly introduces the process of the reform of the British electricity system, and points out the problems and achievements in the reform. The UK has experienced three times of the reform of the power system, namely, the electricity storage model, the new electricity trading system. The mode of electricity trading and transmission mechanism and the fourth reform in preparation. The reform process of power system in Britain will be a good learning experience for the reform of power system in our country. Chapter 4th, through the analysis of the former two chapters of the power system reform in China and Britain, compares the background of the power system reform between China and the United Kingdom, the mode of the power system reform, the positioning mode of the electricity price, the supervision of electricity and the support of the law, and so on. This paper points out the factors puzzling the reform of China's electric power system and how to improve the reform of China's electric power system. Chapter 5th puts forward some suggestions on the reform of electric power system in our country. Finally, in the end of the article, I make a brief summary of this paper, and point out the function and significance of my research work. At the same time, points out the limitations of the article and the need for improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61;F456.1

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