本文關(guān)鍵詞： 食品 流通領(lǐng)域 監(jiān)管 比例原則 自由裁量權(quán)　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：流通領(lǐng)域食品安全的監(jiān)管是我國食品安全監(jiān)管的組成部分,是不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié)。對該領(lǐng)域的食品監(jiān)管如何,影響到我國食品質(zhì)量的整體水平,影響到人民的身心健康和社會的穩(wěn)定。流通領(lǐng)域有著其它領(lǐng)域不同的特點,對其監(jiān)管也就需要不同的方式方法。對流通領(lǐng)域食品安全的監(jiān)管研究,在我國出臺了《中華人民共和國食品安全法》(以下簡稱《食品安全法》)加強(qiáng)了流通領(lǐng)域食品的監(jiān)管。同時也有許多專家學(xué)者研究食品安全的問題,取得了一定的成果。但,對流通領(lǐng)域食品的監(jiān)管仍需加強(qiáng),從我國目前的食品安全總體狀況來看,流通領(lǐng)域食品的監(jiān)管還是一個薄弱的領(lǐng)域,對流通領(lǐng)域食品監(jiān)管的理論研究還需要提高。為了對流通領(lǐng)域的食品進(jìn)行有效的管理,改進(jìn)流通食品的監(jiān)管措施,減少社會對食品安全的擔(dān)憂和恐慌,有必要對流通領(lǐng)域食品的監(jiān)督管理進(jìn)行探討和研究,挖掘監(jiān)管流通領(lǐng)域食品的新措施、新理論、新機(jī)制。本文根據(jù)流通領(lǐng)域的特點,從不同角度,用各種方法,對該領(lǐng)域的食品監(jiān)督管理進(jìn)行研究探討。 本文第一章,是我國流通領(lǐng)域食品安全的現(xiàn)狀。在這一章里,首先回顧了我國在流通領(lǐng)域食品監(jiān)管的立法。《食品安全法》的出臺,是食品監(jiān)管立法的飛躍。其次,闡明確立了專門的監(jiān)管部門,由以前的各個部門的多頭執(zhí)法,明確了由工商行政管理部門對流通領(lǐng)域食品安全的專門執(zhí)法。在這一章里,還闡述了當(dāng)前執(zhí)法的現(xiàn)狀。最后,提出流通領(lǐng)域的食品安全還很嚴(yán)峻。 本文的第二章提出了我國流通領(lǐng)域食品監(jiān)管存在的問題,指出,流通領(lǐng)域監(jiān)管范圍的寬廣和食品數(shù)量的膨大是監(jiān)管的難題之一。在這一章里,還集中論述了經(jīng)營者不履行查驗制度和定期檢查制度、各部門沒能有效銜接管理、監(jiān)管成本高、救濟(jì)途徑薄弱、執(zhí)法遇到說情干擾以及執(zhí)法不規(guī)范等存在的問題。這些問題是流通領(lǐng)域食品監(jiān)管遇到的困難和阻力。 本文用第三章具體論述流通領(lǐng)域食品監(jiān)管存在問題的原因。流通領(lǐng)域食品監(jiān)管存在問題的原因很多,本文認(rèn)為主要是自由裁量權(quán)沒有有效規(guī)范、經(jīng)營者素質(zhì)不高、利益的驅(qū)動、監(jiān)管手段的低端、執(zhí)法水平不高以及不安全食品的隱蔽性。在該章中,還特別闡述消費(fèi)者維權(quán)力度不夠和執(zhí)法督察不足對流通領(lǐng)域食品安全造成的影響。 本文的第四章為流通領(lǐng)域監(jiān)管問題的解決和建議,也是本文的重點。在該部分,集中提出了解決我國流通領(lǐng)域食品安全問題的對策。針對現(xiàn)行法律的不足,本文提出在《食品安全法》中增設(shè)懲處“說情”的條款和增設(shè)督察條款,這是筆者的新主張。從法律上完善監(jiān)管制度。在執(zhí)法實踐中,由于我國的歷史原因和具體的國情,在查處違法行為時總遇到說情,這給執(zhí)法工作帶來巨大的壓力,也在挑戰(zhàn)著法律的權(quán)威。因此,筆者提出了對說情行為的制裁。另一方面,督察制度的落后,也是流通領(lǐng)域食品得不到良好管理的原因,因而需要在法律中予以增加明確、具體的督察條款。對自由裁量權(quán)使用不當(dāng)、濫用自由裁量權(quán)的問題,本文提出用比例原則解決自由裁量權(quán)在執(zhí)法中的運(yùn)用,這是本文的新見解和重點論述的內(nèi)容。目前,流通領(lǐng)域的食品監(jiān)管的難點表面是對食品的風(fēng)險難以控制,實質(zhì)是對自由裁量權(quán)的把握和運(yùn)用得不到有效解決。自由裁量權(quán)是產(chǎn)生效率和弊端的武器,是一把“雙刃劍”。在監(jiān)管流通領(lǐng)域食品上,要充分利用法律賦予的自由裁量權(quán),以達(dá)到懲處違法行為的目的,同時,要防止自由裁量權(quán)被濫用,從而給監(jiān)管工作帶來負(fù)面影響。這就要有一個規(guī)范來指導(dǎo)和約束,比例原則在解決自由裁量權(quán)方面有獨(dú)特的效果,筆者認(rèn)為,應(yīng)當(dāng)大力推廣比例原則在流通領(lǐng)域食品監(jiān)管的應(yīng)用。在解決流通領(lǐng)域的難點方面,本文還提出加大監(jiān)管執(zhí)法力度,建立舉報網(wǎng)絡(luò),建立司法與行政的有效結(jié)合,保護(hù)執(zhí)法人員的權(quán)益,規(guī)范執(zhí)法行為以及借鑒國外有效的監(jiān)管方法,等等,從而使監(jiān)管方法多元化。 總而言之,本文的目的就是使我國的食品更安全。在監(jiān)管流通領(lǐng)域食品安全上,通過實施本文論述的措施和方法,特別是比例原則的貫徹與應(yīng)用,將對流通領(lǐng)域食品安全的監(jiān)管產(chǎn)生積極的作用,我國的食品安全將提高一個層次。
[Abstract]:The circulation of food safety supervision is a part of China's food safety regulation, is an indispensable link. How in the field of food supervision, affect the overall level of China's food quality, affect people's health and social stability. It has a circulation characteristics of the different areas of the supervision it requires different methods. Research on the supervision of food safety in the circulation field, in China promulgated the "People's Republic of China Food Safety Law (hereinafter referred to as the" food safety law ") to strengthen the supervision of the food circulation sector. There are also many experts and scholars in the study of food safety problems, and achieved certain results. But on the supervision of food circulation, still need to be strengthened, from China's current food safety overall situation, food circulation supervision is still a weak field, on the field of food circulation supervision The need to improve the theoretical research on the circulation of food. In order to carry out effective management, improve the circulation of food regulatory measures to reduce social concerns about food safety and panic, it is necessary to study on the supervision and management of food circulation, explore new measures, new food circulation supervision mechanism of the new theory.. according to the characteristics of the flow field, from different angles, using a variety of methods, to study the food supervision and management of the field.
The first chapter of this paper, is the current situation of food safety in food circulation in our country. In this chapter, firstly reviews China's legislation. The food safety law > food supervision circulation is introduced, the food supervision legislation leap. Secondly, to clarify the established specific regulatory authorities, by the various departments before long the law enforcement, the administrative department for Industry and Commerce of food safety in the circulation field of specialized law enforcement. In this chapter, it describes the current situation of law enforcement. Finally, proposed food safety circulation is still very grim.
The second chapter puts forward the existing food circulation supervision in China, pointed out that the regulation of the circulation of the broad and food quantity enlargement is one of the regulatory problem. In this chapter, it focuses on the operator fails to fulfill the inspection system and regular inspection system, each department can not effectively link management, supervision high cost, weak law enforcement remedies, and interference problems encountered for law enforcement is not standardized and so on. These problems are the supervision of food circulation difficulties and resistance.
The third chapter discusses the supervision of food circulation problems for many reasons. The supervision of food circulation problems, we believe that the main right of discretion is not effectively regulate the operators, quality is not high, driven by interests, low supervision, low level of law enforcement and security hidden in food. In this chapter, also expounded the influence of consumer rights is not enough and the law enforcement supervision caused by lack of food safety in the circulation field.
The fourth chapter is the regulation of the circulation of the solutions and suggestions, but also the focus of this article. In this part, on put forward some countermeasures to solve China's food safety circulation problems. Aiming at the shortage of existing laws, proposed in "food safety law > added" say "punishment terms and additional terms of inspectors this is a new proposition, the author. Perfect the supervision system from the law. In the practice of law enforcement, due to historical reasons and China's specific national conditions, the total encountered intercede in illegal behaviors, this brings great pressure to the work of law enforcement also challenging the authority of the law. Therefore, the author proposes to intercede the behavior of sanctions. On the other hand, supervision system is backward, the circulation of food is not good because of management, which needs to be increased clearly in the law, the specific terms of the inspector. The improper use of discretion, The abuse of discretion problem, this paper proposes the use of proportional principle to solve the discretion in law enforcement, this is the new insights and focuses on discussing the content. At present, the difficulty of surface supervision of food circulation is the risk of food is difficult to control, is the essence of discretion and grasp use are not effectively resolved. Discretion is the production efficiency and the drawbacks of the weapon, is a "double-edged sword". In the field of food circulation supervision, to make full use of the discretion conferred by law, in order to achieve the purpose of punishment of illegal behavior, at the same time, to prevent the abuse of discretion thus, brings the negative influence to the supervision work. It is necessary to have a standard to guide and constraints, the principle of proportionality has unique effect in solving the discretion the author thinks, should vigorously promote the principle of proportionality in the field of food circulation supervision should be . in solving the difficulties of circulation, this paper also proposed to increase supervision of law enforcement, the establishment of a reporting network, the establishment of an effective combination of judicial and administrative law enforcement personnel, protection of rights, standardize law enforcement and supervision of foreign reference method, effective and so on, so that the supervision method diversification.
In a word, the purpose of this paper is to make our food safer. In the supervision of food safety in food circulation, the measures and methods of implementation of this paper, especially the implementation and application of the principle of proportionality, will have a positive effect on the circulation of food safety supervision, food safety in China will increase to a higher level.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F203;F426.82;F724

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 張璐;食品安全利益相關(guān)者行為及規(guī)制的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2013年

2 吳佳惠;政府食品安全監(jiān)管能力研究[D];廈門大學(xué);2014年

3 陳曉燕;建設(shè)中國特色的食品安全監(jiān)管體系研究[D];華僑大學(xué);2014年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 胡宗陽;我國食品安全監(jiān)管制度研究[D];中南民族大學(xué);2013年

2 劉健;我國食品安全領(lǐng)域懲罰性賠償適用問題研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2012年

3 鄭茹月;系統(tǒng)思維視域下的食品安全問題研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2013年

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5 周辰;我國食品安全監(jiān)管體制問題研究[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1456633