本文選題：鄉(xiāng)村旅游 + 移民　； 參考：《湘潭大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)村旅游是我國一種新的旅游發(fā)展方式，它有利于促進我國旅游發(fā)展，推動新農(nóng)村建設和三農(nóng)問題的解決。在鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)過程中，由于沒能妥善解決好鄉(xiāng)村旅游征地引起的移民補償問題，使得鄉(xiāng)村旅游的作用并沒有真正發(fā)揮出來。如何解決鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)移民補償問題，對促進鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展和“三農(nóng)”問題的解決具有重要意義。 從農(nóng)用地和宅基地本身價值、維護國家糧食安全、保護環(huán)境、促進鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展四個方面來看，對鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)引起的移民進行補償有其必然性和必要性。目前我國鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)移民補償大多是一次性的經(jīng)濟補償，補償范圍也只限于土地補償費、安置補助費、地上附著物補償和宅基地房屋補償五個方面，這些都是以經(jīng)濟補償為主，缺乏恢復移民生產(chǎn)生活的具體補償辦法和措施，，而且移民得到的補償并沒有反映移民的全部損失。我國鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)移民補償存在五個問題：補償標準不合理，補償范圍不全面；補償方式單一，補償后容易產(chǎn)生糾紛；鄉(xiāng)村旅游移民補償社會福利不穩(wěn)定，旅游參與程度比較低；機會成本大，威脅國家糧食安全；缺乏有效的監(jiān)督機制和法律保護�？沙掷m(xù)性鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)移民補償是解決這些問題的一種科學方法�？沙掷m(xù)性鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)移民補償，是指基于鄉(xiāng)村旅游移民既有補償辦法，以鄉(xiāng)村旅游為載體，把補償與發(fā)展有機結合，通過移民參與鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展，幫助移民重建一個自力更生的生產(chǎn)基地和生活環(huán)境，使居民有新的鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展機會，促進居民生活水平的恢復和提高，使鄉(xiāng)村旅游和居民的利益得到可持續(xù)性的發(fā)展，最終在環(huán)境，社會，經(jīng)濟三效合一的基礎上持續(xù)發(fā)展的一種優(yōu)化補償策略。它的主要目標是在發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村旅游的情況下，既保護移民當前利益，又不損害移民后期生產(chǎn)生活重建的利益，使各方利益均可持續(xù)發(fā)展。依據(jù)這一概念，可以運用五個辦法來具體解決鄉(xiāng)村旅游移民補償問題：用經(jīng)濟收益補償，以及設立鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)公益保障金和利民價值來補償鄉(xiāng)村旅游負外部性，以提高補償標準，擴大補償范圍；采取政府補償和民間補償相結合、直接補償和間接補償相結合、連續(xù)性補償和一次性補償相結合、政策補償和技術補償相結合等四種補償方式，來豐富移民補償方式；分三個階段來完善社會保障補償，政策性提高旅游參與程度：以經(jīng)濟和物質(zhì)補償為基礎的前期補償，針對移民心理和知識技能培訓的過渡期補償，以及建立移民社區(qū)--鄉(xiāng)村旅游景區(qū)共生模式的后期補償；設立糧食發(fā)展基金，維護社會穩(wěn)定，減少鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)征用農(nóng)村土地對我國糧食安全的影響；設立征地監(jiān)督仲裁機構，維護移民、鄉(xiāng)村旅游開發(fā)商、當?shù)卣认嚓P利益者的利益。這些辦法的最終目的都是讓移民與鄉(xiāng)村旅游景區(qū)形成風險公擔、利益共享的相互影響的共生互利關系，可以有效推動移民就業(yè)和生產(chǎn)生活的重建。
[Abstract]:Rural tourism is a new way of tourism development in China, which is conducive to promoting the development of China's tourism, promoting the construction of new rural areas and solving the problems of agriculture, rural and rural areas. In the process of rural tourism development, the role of rural tourism has not been brought into full play due to the failure to properly solve the problem of immigration compensation caused by rural tourism expropriation. How to solve the problem of resettlement compensation for rural tourism development is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism and solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
From the four aspects of the value of agricultural land and homestead itself, the maintenance of national food security, the protection of the environment and the sustainable development of rural tourism, it is necessary and necessary to compensate the migrants caused by rural tourism development. At present, most of the compensation for rural tourism development in China is one-off economic compensation, and the scope of compensation is only only It is limited to five aspects of land compensation, compensation for resettlement, compensation for ground attachments and housing compensation for homestead, which are mainly based on economic compensation, lack of concrete compensation methods and measures to restore the production and living of immigrants, and the compensation for immigration does not reflect the total loss of immigration. The compensation for rural tourism development in China exists Five problems: the compensation standard is unreasonable, the scope of compensation is not comprehensive; the mode of compensation is single and the compensation is easy to produce disputes; the rural tourism migrants compensate for the social welfare instability, the tourism participation is low, the opportunity cost is large, the national food security is threatened, the effective supervision mechanism and legal protection are lacking. The sustainable rural tourism is open. Resettlement compensation is a scientific method to solve these problems. The sustainable rural tourism development immigrant compensation means that rural tourism migrants are based on both compensation and rural tourism as the carrier, combine compensation and development organically, participate in rural tourism development through immigration, and help emigrants rebuild a self-reliance production base and The living environment makes residents have new opportunities for rural tourism development, promote the recovery and improvement of residents' living standards, make rural tourism and residents' interests sustainable development, and ultimately develop an optimized compensation strategy based on the three effects of environment, society and economy. Its main goal is to develop rural tourism. Under the circumstances, it can not only protect the current interests of the immigrants, but also do not harm the interests of the reconstruction of the later production and life of the immigrants, and make the interests of all the parties sustainable development. According to this concept, five methods can be used to solve the problem of rural tourism emigration compensation: the compensation of economic income, and the establishment of the public welfare security and the interest of the people in the development of rural tourism. To compensate the negative externality of rural tourism, in order to improve the compensation standard and expand the scope of compensation, four kinds of compensation methods, such as the combination of government compensation and civil compensation, combination of direct compensation and indirect compensation, combination of continuous compensation and one-time compensation, combination of policy compensation and technical compensation, are used to enrich the way of compensation for immigration; three In order to improve the social security compensation and improve the participation degree of tourism policy, the period compensation based on the economic and material compensation, the compensation for the transition period of the immigrant psychology and the training of knowledge and skills, and the later compensation for the establishment of the immigrant community - the symbiotic mode of the rural tourist attractions; the establishment of the food development fund to maintain social stability and decrease. The impact of rural tourism on the development of rural land on the food security of China, the establishment of land expropriation supervision and arbitration institutions, the interests of the relevant stakeholders, such as immigration, rural tourism developers, local governments, etc., the ultimate aim of these measures is to make the immigrant and rural tourist attractions form the risk public, and the mutual influence of mutual benefit sharing. The benefit relationship can effectively promote the employment of migrants and the reconstruction of production and life.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F592.6;D632.4

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