本文選題：蔣介石 + 科學技術(shù)本質(zhì)��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：蔣介石身處中國由近代向現(xiàn)代過渡的歷史時期,新舊價值沖突,中西文化激蕩,因此他形成了極為復雜的科學技術(shù)觀。在科學技術(shù)的本質(zhì)方面,他認為科學有四個層次的定義,即科學舊解為講求次序的窮理致知；科學應用在社會科學上的意義是組織；科學是基于經(jīng)驗的,以求宇宙實在為目的的知識體系；科學是真理的化身。在科學與宗教的關(guān)系上,他認為宗教等人文因素是科學技術(shù)的必要補充。在科學劃界的問題上,他認為科學與偽科學有著民生、方法論和可證實性這三個方面的區(qū)別。在技術(shù)的定義方面,他認為科學與技術(shù)是兩個不同范疇,技術(shù)是科學民生化的產(chǎn)物,是科學實現(xiàn)民生的直接手段。在比較中西科學技術(shù)思想時,他用“高而不亢”來評價中國固有的學術(shù)傳統(tǒng),強調(diào)以“謙而不卑”來對待西方的科學技術(shù)知識。在科學技術(shù)發(fā)展的動力上,他立足人類中心主義的立場,認為科學技術(shù)隨著人類的出現(xiàn)而出現(xiàn),隨人類求生能力的提高而發(fā)展。在科學技術(shù)發(fā)展的模式方面,他認為科學技術(shù)的前進既有連續(xù)性又有革命性,科學技術(shù)的好壞以解決問題能力的高低來評價。在獲得科學技術(shù)知識方面,他強調(diào)內(nèi)與外并用,先驗與經(jīng)驗結(jié)合,即“內(nèi)而驗之于心性,外而施之于事物”。從科學技術(shù)與社會的互動來看,他認為政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、教育為科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展提供了保證,而科學技術(shù)又為人類貢獻了三民主義的民生、民權(quán)、民族功能,除了積極方面,晚年的他也提出科學技術(shù)存在諸如降低人類幸福感、間接導致民生問題等方面的消極影響。 探究蔣介石的個人經(jīng)歷不難發(fā)現(xiàn),他是一個受過傳統(tǒng)教育的人,也是有過海外留學經(jīng)歷的人；他是尊重傳統(tǒng)的人,也是一個信奉西洋宗教的人。他雖然個性極強,但是政治地位決定在諸多問題上,他個人的小觀念不能跨出全局的大立場。這也使他的科學技術(shù)觀中不可避免的存在中學與西學,科學主義與人文主義,道德負載與價值中立,理論與實踐這四大矛盾。
[Abstract]:Jiang Jieshi is in the historical period of transition from modern to modern in China, the conflict of new and old values and the agitation of Chinese and Western cultures, so he has formed a very complicated view of science and technology. In terms of the nature of science and technology, he believes that science has four levels of definition, that is, the old definition of science as the poor theory of order; the meaning of the application of science in the social sciences is organizational; and the science is based on experience. A system of knowledge aimed at seeking the reality of the universe; science is the embodiment of truth. In the relation between science and religion, he thinks that religion and other humanistic factors are necessary complements of science and technology. On the issue of scientific demarcation, he holds that there are three differences between science and pseudoscience in terms of people's livelihood, methodology and verifiability. In the definition of technology, he thinks that science and technology are two different categories. Technology is the product of the livelihood of science and the direct means to realize people's livelihood. In comparing Chinese and Western scientific and technological thoughts, he used "high but not hyperactive" to evaluate China's inherent academic tradition and emphasized "modesty but not inferiority" to treat western scientific and technological knowledge. On the motive force of the development of science and technology, he based on the standpoint of anthropocentrism, thought that science and technology appeared with the appearance of human beings and developed with the improvement of human survival ability. In the mode of the development of science and technology, he thinks that the progress of science and technology is not only continuous but also revolutionary, and the quality of science and technology is evaluated by the ability of solving problems. In the acquisition of scientific and technological knowledge, he emphasizes the combination of internal and external, transcendental and empirical, that is, "inner experience in mind, external in things." From the perspective of the interaction between science and technology and society, he believes that politics, economy, culture, and education provide a guarantee for the development of science and technology, and that science and technology have contributed to the people's livelihood, civil rights, and national functions of the three people's principles, in addition to the positive aspects. In his later years, he also pointed out that science and technology have negative effects such as reducing human well-being and indirectly causing livelihood problems. Looking into Jiang Jieshi's personal experience, it is not hard to find that he is a man of traditional education and a person of overseas study; he is a man of respect for tradition and a man of Western religion. Although his personality is very strong, but his political status on many issues, his own small ideas can not take the overall position. This also makes the four contradictions between middle school and western learning, scientism and humanism, moral load and value neutrality, and theory and practice inevitably exist in his view of science and technology.
【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G301

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