本文關(guān)鍵詞： 知識工作 復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)理論 知識工作函數(shù) 生產(chǎn)率 距離函數(shù)　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：一百多年來,泰勒(F. W. Taylor)開創(chuàng)的科學(xué)管理理論和科學(xué)管理實(shí)踐引起了傳統(tǒng)管理的革命性變化,大幅度提高了體力工作的生產(chǎn)率,給社會生產(chǎn)活動帶來了顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)成效。 隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的到來,在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中,每一個環(huán)節(jié)的知識蘊(yùn)涵量在不斷增加。工作日益復(fù)雜化、知識化,工作的外在形態(tài)和內(nèi)在性質(zhì)都發(fā)生了巨大的變化。而且,知識工作占社會總工作量的比例越來越大,知識工作甚至遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了體力工作。現(xiàn)代知識經(jīng)濟(jì)社會進(jìn)入了一個以知識工作為主要生產(chǎn)勞動形式,以知識工作者為管理對象的時代。知識工作生產(chǎn)率是現(xiàn)代知識經(jīng)濟(jì)社會中,個人、組織乃至國家競爭優(yōu)勢的決定性因素。因此,知識工作生產(chǎn)率提升的重要性日益顯現(xiàn)出來。對于知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率的研究自然就成為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、管理學(xué)、社會學(xué)等領(lǐng)域關(guān)注的一個焦點(diǎn)。與泰勒(F. W. Taylor)的科學(xué)管理理論對20世紀(jì)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)一樣,知識工作生產(chǎn)率的提高必將對21世紀(jì)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展引發(fā)一次革命。 雖然,許多專家學(xué)者在知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率方面投入了大量的研究。但是,由于知識工作本身的復(fù)雜性,使得對知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率的本質(zhì)、知識工作的測量方法、知識工作生產(chǎn)率的模型構(gòu)建等方面的研究變得十分困難,研究進(jìn)展緩慢,尚未取得顯著成果。甚至,象知識工作的定義等基本概念至今還未形成普遍的共識。正如T. H. Davenport等指出的那樣：與泰勒等人的研究對體力勞動生產(chǎn)率提高的貢獻(xiàn)相比,對知識工作生產(chǎn)率的研究,還遠(yuǎn)未能與之相比。 基于上述問題,本文運(yùn)用復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)理論的觀點(diǎn)和方法,對知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率的本質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,構(gòu)建知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率的模型和分析理論,為知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率提升的理論研究和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)提供新的思路。本文按照以下內(nèi)容展開： 1.目前,知識工作有眾多界定和定義,這些界定和定義并不統(tǒng)一。這種情況雖然能夠很好地反映出知識工作多面的特性,但也說明了我們未能認(rèn)識到知識工作的本質(zhì)和整體。如果僅從知識工作的一個側(cè)面或幾個側(cè)面出發(fā)去分析和研究知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率,勢必使知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率的研究見木不見林。為了全面、準(zhǔn)確、深入地認(rèn)識知識工作,本研究首先結(jié)合了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、管理學(xué)中“生產(chǎn)”的概念、系統(tǒng)科學(xué)中“系統(tǒng)”的概念、復(fù)雜性科學(xué)中“復(fù)雜性”的概念和現(xiàn)有的有關(guān)知識工作的研究,提出了知識工作是人類具有復(fù)雜性的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)。以此來為知識工作定位,且以此為本文的研究提供一個研究基點(diǎn)和基礎(chǔ)。 2.顯然,對知識工作本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識是把握知識工作及其生產(chǎn)率規(guī)律、解決知識工作生產(chǎn)率提升問題的前提和基礎(chǔ)。本研究在上述研究基點(diǎn)定位下,應(yīng)用WSR系統(tǒng)方法論的基本觀點(diǎn)和分析方法,將知識工作的本質(zhì)歸結(jié)為具有三個維度的復(fù)雜生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),即投入知識系統(tǒng),產(chǎn)出功能；投入認(rèn)知系統(tǒng),產(chǎn)出智能；投入步驟序列,產(chǎn)出效能的復(fù)雜生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。并以此三個維度為核心,構(gòu)建了知識工作的定性框架模型。知識工作的定性框架模型不但可以用來分析、解釋各類知識工作,甚至是體力工作；而且,知識工作定性模型為構(gòu)建知識工作的定量模型以及知識工作生產(chǎn)率模型打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 3.知識工作的定性框架模型雖然為我們認(rèn)識知識工作系統(tǒng)和解釋知識工作現(xiàn)象提供了一個分析方法,但是它不能提供在“量”方面的比較和計(jì)量。對知識工作投入和產(chǎn)出的比較和計(jì)量是評判知識工作優(yōu)劣的重要依據(jù),因此,本研究在上述知識工作定性框架模型的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的效用理論,構(gòu)建了知識工作效用函數(shù),并證明了知識工作效用函數(shù)的存在性和唯一性。連續(xù)的知識工作效用函數(shù)的存在性和唯一性,為數(shù)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用于知識工作測量、知識工作生產(chǎn)率計(jì)量的理論研究和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)架起了一座橋梁。 4.知識工作效用函數(shù)是我們比較、評判知識工作成果非常好的工具,結(jié)合知識工作難度約束條件,就構(gòu)成了知識工作系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)函數(shù)。本研究分別證明了知識工作系統(tǒng)在難度約束條件下,知識工作系統(tǒng)效用最優(yōu)行為的存在性和唯一性；以及在知識工作系統(tǒng)效用約束條件下,知識工作系統(tǒng)付出最小化行為的存在性和唯一性。知識工作最優(yōu)行為的存在和唯一,說明以結(jié)構(gòu)有序度、認(rèn)知有序度、步驟序列有序度作為投入的計(jì)量變量,與以功能效用、智能效用、效能效用作為產(chǎn)出的計(jì)量變量之間存在的明確的函數(shù)關(guān)系。 5.本文提出的知識工作框架模型,明確了知識工作系統(tǒng)的投入和產(chǎn)出,結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和管理學(xué)中“生產(chǎn)率”的基本概念,本研究構(gòu)建出了一個由知識元空間分布效率、人的認(rèn)知效率、步驟序列的時間分布效率組成的知識工作生產(chǎn)率定性框架模型。該模型說明了知識工作生產(chǎn)率的本質(zhì)是知識元空間分布效率、人的認(rèn)知效率、步驟序列的時間分布效率的統(tǒng)一；該模型也說明了知識工作生產(chǎn)率的根源。 5.通過上文,本研究明確了知識工作生產(chǎn)率的組成和來源。但是,知識工作生產(chǎn)率變化的測量是知識工作生產(chǎn)率提升的基礎(chǔ),所以必須選擇合適的測量技術(shù)對其進(jìn)行測量。為此,本研究引入了距離函數(shù)技術(shù),并應(yīng)用距離函數(shù)對知識工作生產(chǎn)率變化的測量進(jìn)行了研究。首先,辨清了知識工作的效率和知識工作生產(chǎn)率的區(qū)別。其次,分析了工作方法、技術(shù)進(jìn)步、配置、投入規(guī)模等因素對知識工作生產(chǎn)率變化的影響。第三,運(yùn)用距離函數(shù)技術(shù)對知識工作生產(chǎn)率變化進(jìn)行測量。最后,提出了知識工作生產(chǎn)率提升的路徑。 6.在構(gòu)建了理論分析框架后,本研究以柯布-道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)形式為例,應(yīng)用本研究提出的知識工作模型、知識工作生產(chǎn)率模型等理論工具對知識工作系統(tǒng)的最優(yōu)行為進(jìn)行了分析。并以上文構(gòu)建的知識工作模型、知識工作生產(chǎn)率模型為理論基礎(chǔ),對體力工作和知識工作進(jìn)行了對比研究。通過對比研究提出了體力工作研究方法和知識工作研究方法的本質(zhì)不同的原因。 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)可以概括為以下幾個方面： 1.本文將經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和管理學(xué)中“生產(chǎn)”的概念、系統(tǒng)科學(xué)中“系統(tǒng)”的概念、復(fù)雜性科學(xué)中“復(fù)雜性”的概念結(jié)合起來,應(yīng)用WSR系統(tǒng)方法論的分析方法和思路,識別和分解出知識工作系統(tǒng)的三個維度,并從知識工作系統(tǒng)的這三個維度各自的投入-產(chǎn)出要素以及三個維度的協(xié)同出發(fā),構(gòu)建了知識工作系統(tǒng)的定性框架模型。 2.基于本文構(gòu)建的知識工作系統(tǒng)的定性框架模型,結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的效用理論,構(gòu)造了知識工作系統(tǒng)的效用函數(shù)。證明了知識工作效用函數(shù)的存在性和唯一性。同時對知識工作系統(tǒng)的兩種最優(yōu)行為進(jìn)行了分析,也證明其存在性和唯一性。 3.基于本文構(gòu)建的知識工作系統(tǒng)的定性框架模型,結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和管理學(xué)的“生產(chǎn)率”的基本概念,構(gòu)建了知識工作生產(chǎn)率框架模型。該模型為組織對其知識員工進(jìn)行科學(xué)管理與人本管理提供了非常重要的借鑒意義。同時,該模型為分析和挖掘知識工作生產(chǎn)率中指明了方向,為知識工作生產(chǎn)率研究提供了新的理論研究視角。 4.基于本文的知識工作生產(chǎn)率模型,進(jìn)一步結(jié)合生產(chǎn)率分析和測量方法,如距離函數(shù)技術(shù),對知識工作生產(chǎn)率的種類、來源、知識工作生產(chǎn)率的測量和分析方法以及知識工作生產(chǎn)率的提升進(jìn)行了研究,提出了一套新的知識工作生產(chǎn)率測量和分析方法。 總之,本文對于知識工作系統(tǒng)及其生產(chǎn)率的研究是探求知識工作系統(tǒng)及其生產(chǎn)率理論和實(shí)踐規(guī)律的一種嘗試。
[Abstract]:For more than a hundred years , Taylor ( F ) W . Taylor ' s scientific management theory and scientific management practice have caused the revolutionary change of traditional management , greatly improved the productivity of manual work and brought remarkable economic results to social production activities . With the development of the social economy and the coming of the knowledge economy , the knowledge of each link is constantly increasing . W . Taylor ' s scientific management theory has made great contribution to the social and economic development of the 20th century , and the improvement of knowledge work productivity will lead to a revolution in the social and economic development of the 21st century . Although many experts and scholars have invested a lot of research in knowledge work and productivity , the research on knowledge work and its productivity , the measurement method of knowledge work , the model of knowledge work productivity have become very difficult , the research progress has been slow , there has not been remarkable achievement . Even the basic concepts such as the definition of knowledge work have not yet formed a general consensus . H . Davenport et al . noted that research on productivity of knowledge work is far from comparable to the contribution of Taylor et al . to the productivity of physical labour . Based on the above - mentioned problems , this paper analyzes the essence of knowledge work and its productivity by using the viewpoint and method of complex system theory . Based on this , the paper constructs a model and analysis theory of knowledge work and its productivity , and provides a new idea for the theoretical research and practical guidance of knowledge work and productivity promotion . 1 . At present , there are many definitions and definitions of knowledge work . These definitions and definitions are not uniform . Although we can well reflect the nature of knowledge work , we fail to recognize the nature and the whole of knowledge work . In order to understand and study the knowledge work and its productivity , we must first combine the concept of " production " in economics , management science , the concept of " system " in the system science , the " complexity " in the complexity science , and the existing research on knowledge work . 2 . It is obvious that the understanding of the essence of knowledge work is the premise and basis for grasping the knowledge work and its productivity law and solving the problem of improving the productivity of knowledge work . 3 . The qualitative framework model of knowledge work provides an analysis method for us to understand the knowledge work system and explain the knowledge work phenomenon , but it can not provide the comparison and measurement in quantity . The comparison and measurement of the input and output of knowledge work is an important basis for evaluating the quality of knowledge work . Therefore , this study builds a knowledge work utility function based on the qualitative framework model of knowledge work , and proves the existence and uniqueness of the knowledge work utility function . 4 . The utility function of knowledge work is a very good tool for us to compare and judge the results of knowledge work . The existence and uniqueness of the optimal behavior of knowledge work system are established under the constraint condition of knowledge work system . The existence and uniqueness of the optimal behavior of knowledge work system are proved . 5 . The knowledge work framework model proposed in this paper defines the input and output of the knowledge work system , combines the basic concept of " productivity " in economics and management , and constructs a qualitative framework model of knowledge work productivity consisting of knowledge element space distribution efficiency , human cognitive efficiency and time distribution efficiency of step sequences . The model shows that the essence of knowledge work productivity is the unification of knowledge element space distribution efficiency , human cognitive efficiency and time distribution efficiency of step sequences ; 5 . Through the above , this study clearly defines the composition and origin of knowledge work productivity . However , the measurement of knowledge work productivity change is the basis of knowledge work productivity improvement . Therefore , this study has introduced distance function technology and applied the distance function to measure the productivity of knowledge work productivity . First , the paper analyzes the influence of distance function on the productivity change of knowledge work . Third , the distance function technique is used to measure the change of knowledge work productivity . Finally , a path for improving the productivity of knowledge work is put forward . 6 . After the theoretical analysis framework is constructed , this study analyzes the optimal behavior of the knowledge work system by using the theory tools such as the knowledge work model and the knowledge work productivity model proposed by the research , and makes a comparative study on the physical work and the knowledge work based on the knowledge work model and the knowledge work productivity model . The innovation points of this paper can be summarized as follows : 1 . In this paper , the concept of " production " in economics and management , the concept of " system " in the system science and the " complexity " in the complexity science are combined , and three dimensions of the knowledge work system are identified and decomposed using the analysis method and thinking of the methodology of the WSR system , and the qualitative framework model of the knowledge work system is constructed from the three dimensions of the knowledge work system , the input - output elements and the three dimensions . 2 . Based on the qualitative framework model of the knowledge work system constructed in this paper , based on the utility theory of economics , the utility function of the knowledge work system is constructed . The existence and uniqueness of the knowledge work function are proved . At the same time , two optimal behaviors of the knowledge work system are analyzed , and the existence and uniqueness of the knowledge work system are also proved . 3 . Based on the qualitative framework model of the knowledge work system constructed in this paper , based on the basic concept of " productivity " of economics and management , a framework model of knowledge work productivity is constructed . This model provides a very important reference for the organization to carry on scientific management and human body management to its knowledge workers . At the same time , this model provides a new theoretical research perspective for the research of knowledge work productivity . 4 . Based on the knowledge work productivity model , further combining productivity analysis and measurement methods , such as distance function technology , the paper studies the measurement and analysis methods of knowledge work productivity , the measurement and analysis methods of knowledge work productivity and the improvement of knowledge work productivity , and puts forward a new measurement and analysis method for knowledge work productivity . In short , the research on the knowledge work system and its productivity is an attempt to find out the knowledge work system and its productivity theory and practice law .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G302

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 徐璞;知識工作中的創(chuàng)新及信息技術(shù)的作用[D];東華大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 蘇慧欣;高校國家工程技術(shù)研究中心管理模式研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1478203