發(fā)布時間：2019-03-06 19:29

【摘要】：隨著計算機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)科技的迅速發(fā)展,網(wǎng)絡(luò)電子地圖成為大眾使用最多的地理位置搜索工具,但相關(guān)的理論和技術(shù)研究卻多以紙質(zhì)地圖為研究材料和背景,很難適用于電子屏幕。目前對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖標(biāo)識的研發(fā)更多考慮呈現(xiàn)技術(shù)層面,如地圖學(xué)與計算機科學(xué)對地圖數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)的技術(shù)研究。但是,正如著名地圖學(xué)家尹霍夫所言,地圖學(xué)應(yīng)該是藝術(shù)傾向的技術(shù)科學(xué)。同時,地圖標(biāo)識作為地圖的語言,但與其形狀相關(guān)的主、客觀研究偏少。本文以電子地圖標(biāo)識為研究對象,從主觀藝術(shù)層面和客觀搜索效率層面研究。標(biāo)識藝術(shù)性可以依靠主觀評價測量,技術(shù)性則可依客觀搜索效率為準(zhǔn)。于是,本研究從標(biāo)識的形狀變量入手,從主觀和客觀兩個方面,成圖前和成圖后兩個階段,對網(wǎng)絡(luò)電子地圖的點狀標(biāo)識符號進行探索研究,以期發(fā)現(xiàn)電子地圖點狀標(biāo)識的構(gòu)圖規(guī)律,使電子地圖標(biāo)識的設(shè)計更加符合人們的主觀、客觀需要。在成圖前階段,從主觀角度出發(fā),為探究用戶的主觀偏好,實驗一對網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖符號進行主觀問卷調(diào)查。通過比較代表同一地點的不同標(biāo)識,得到十一個地點的各自最優(yōu)標(biāo)識(評分總均分最高或較高),且不同類比標(biāo)識間主觀評價差異顯著。從客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而言,雖然依照形狀對點狀標(biāo)識進行分類,但分類后標(biāo)識搜索效率研究較少,多是依主觀經(jīng)驗進行評價。實驗二通過視覺搜索實驗,以用戶反應(yīng)時和準(zhǔn)確率為客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn),比較點狀標(biāo)識不同類別(幾何形態(tài),象形形態(tài),文字形態(tài))的搜索效率。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)三類標(biāo)識間搜索時間差異顯著,其中幾何形態(tài)標(biāo)識搜索時間最短。考慮到標(biāo)識成圖前后呈現(xiàn)的差異,在成圖后階段,應(yīng)從搜索背景目標(biāo)和搜索背景的角度分析標(biāo)識和地圖雜亂度對搜索效率的影響。實驗三研究標(biāo)識類型(幾何形態(tài),象形形態(tài),文字形態(tài))與地圖雜亂度(高,中,低)對搜索效率的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者對搜索效率都有影響,且存在交互作用。通過研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)標(biāo)識類別間在主觀滿意度和客觀搜索效率的上顯著差異,標(biāo)識影響了電子地圖中目標(biāo)位置搜索績效的搜索,此研究對網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖標(biāo)識的研發(fā)具有意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer and network technology, network electronic map has become the most popular geographical location search tool, but the related theoretical and technical research is based on the paper map as the research material and background, it is difficult to apply to the electronic screen. At present, more consideration has been given to the presentation of map data in the research and development of network map marking, such as the study of cartography and computer science on the presentation of map data. But, as the famous cartographer Yin Hofu said, cartography should be the technical science of artistic tendency. At the same time, map marking as a map language, but its shape related to the subjective, objective research is less. This article takes the electronic map marking as the research object, studies from the subjective art level and the objective search efficiency level. Marking artistry can be measured by subjective evaluation and technical by objective search efficiency. Therefore, this study starts with the shape variables of the marking, from the subjective and objective aspects, before and after the mapping two stages, to explore the dot marking symbols of the network electronic map. In order to find out the composition rule of electronic map dot marking, the design of electronic map marking is more in line with people's subjective and objective needs. In the pre-mapping stage, from the subjective point of view, in order to explore the subjective preferences of users, a subjective questionnaire survey was conducted on a pair of network map symbols. By comparing the different marks representing the same location, we get the optimal mark (the total average score is the highest or higher) of 11 locations, and the subjective evaluation difference among different analogical marks is significant. According to the objective criterion, although the point-like mark is classified according to the shape, the research on the search efficiency of the mark after classification is less, and most of them are evaluated according to the subjective experience. In the second experiment, the searching efficiency of different types of dot marking (geometric, pictographic and literal forms) was compared according to the objective criteria of user response time and accuracy by visual search experiment. The results showed that there was a significant difference in search time among the three types of identifiers, and the search time of geometric identification was the shortest. In the post-mapping stage, considering the difference before and after the mapping, we should analyze the influence of the identity and the clutter of the map on the search efficiency from the point of view of searching background target and searching background. In experiment 3, the effects of label type (geometric form, hieroglyph form, text form) and map clutter (high, middle and low) on search efficiency were studied. The results show that both of them have an effect on the search efficiency, and there is interaction between them. Through the research, it is found that there are significant differences in subjective satisfaction and objective search efficiency between the identification categories, which affects the search performance of target location search in electronic maps. This research is of great significance to the research and development of network map identification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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