本文選題：增長績效 + 全要素生產(chǎn)率　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自2008年全球性的金融危機爆發(fā)以來,世界經(jīng)濟的增長持續(xù)走低,而一直以來,奉行著依靠日益增加的資本和勞動力等要素投入的傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟增長方式在當(dāng)今時代新的背景下一方面面臨著資源和環(huán)境的種種約束,另一方面,這種高資源密集型的投入在實踐中并不能真正實現(xiàn)宏觀經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長。所以我們越來越需要考慮尋找新的經(jīng)濟增長點。一般認(rèn)為,影響經(jīng)濟增長的原因無非是質(zhì)和量兩個方面:量的方面通常是指投入要素數(shù)量和種類的增多,而質(zhì)的方面就是經(jīng)濟增長的效率。我們通常選用索洛所提出的全要素生產(chǎn)率(TFP)來衡量經(jīng)濟增長的效率或者說是績效。東亞經(jīng)濟問題的研究一直是經(jīng)濟學(xué)界研究的熱門話題。東亞國家在二戰(zhàn)以后特別是20世紀(jì)50年代開始,以日本為先導(dǎo),緊接著是被稱為"亞洲四小"的韓國、新加坡、中國香港和中國臺灣于20世紀(jì)60年代開始了突飛猛進的增長態(tài)勢,進入70年度末80年代初則主要表現(xiàn)為中國經(jīng)濟的快速崛起,以及一大批東亞國家如菲律賓、印尼、馬來西亞等的快速發(fā)展。以中國為例,1991年的GDP總量僅為22006億人民幣,2013年的GDP總量高達(dá)595244億元人民幣1,在短短的23年之內(nèi)經(jīng)濟總量增加了將近26倍。東亞國家之所以能出現(xiàn)如此快速的經(jīng)濟增長態(tài)勢離不開其"外向型"的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,同時,也離不開東亞國家自身所具有的人口紅利和人力資本的積累。本文采用東亞12個國家與地區(qū)1991-2013年的面板數(shù)據(jù),研究了對外開放和人力資本投資以及二者的共同作用對這些國家和地區(qū)全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響。同時,考慮到人力資本的結(jié)構(gòu)化差異,比較分析了異質(zhì)性人力資本投入對東亞國家全要素生產(chǎn)率的不同影響。此外,按照一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將東亞12個國家劃分成不同的區(qū)域,并對這些區(qū)域做了進一步的比較研究,從而得出一些有益的結(jié)論。文章結(jié)果顯示:對外開放和人力資本投資及二者的共同作用顯著地促進了東亞國家全要素生產(chǎn)率;人力資本投資的不同層次對全要素生產(chǎn)率的具有不同的影響,高等教育和中等教育的人力資本投資對全要素生產(chǎn)率有著顯著的正向影響;提高對外開放程度對東亞發(fā)展水平較高的國家和地區(qū)的全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響較大,人力資本投資對處于東亞發(fā)展程度較低的國家和地區(qū)全要素生產(chǎn)率的影響大于發(fā)展程度較高的國家和地區(qū)。文章結(jié)果表明,進一步提高對外開放程度,加大對人力資本的投資,發(fā)揮政府宏觀調(diào)控的作用,加強對金融發(fā)展的監(jiān)管和一定程度上人均資本密集度的提高是東亞國家實現(xiàn)全要素生產(chǎn)率的增長和持續(xù)經(jīng)濟增長的可行之策。
[Abstract]:Since the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008, the growth of the world economy has continued to decline. The traditional mode of economic growth, which relies on increasing capital and labor input, is facing the constraints of resources and environment on the one hand, and, on the other hand, under the new background of the times. This kind of high-resource-intensive investment can not really realize the sustained and stable growth of macro-economy in practice. So we need to look for new economic growth points more and more. It is generally believed that the causes of economic growth are only qualitative and quantitative: the quantity usually refers to the increase in the number and types of input elements, and the qualitative aspect is the efficiency of economic growth. We usually use TFP proposed by Solow to measure the efficiency or performance of economic growth. The study of economic problems in East Asia has always been a hot topic in the field of economics. East Asian countries began to lead by Japan after World War II, especially in the 1950s, followed by South Korea and Singapore, known as the "four Little Asia". Hong Kong, China and Taiwan began to grow by leaps and bounds in the 1960s. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, they mainly showed the rapid rise of China's economy, as well as a large number of East Asian countries such as the Philippines and Indonesia. The rapid development of Malaysia. In China, for example, total GDP was only 2.2006 trillion yuan in 1991 and 59.5244 trillion yuan in 2013, an increase of nearly 26 times in just 23 years. The rapid economic growth of East Asian countries can not be separated from their "export-oriented" development strategy, but also from the demographic dividend and human capital accumulation of East Asian countries themselves. Based on the panel data of 12 countries and regions in East Asia from 1991 to 2013, this paper studies the effects of opening to the outside world, human capital investment and their combined effects on the total factor productivity (TFP) of these countries and regions. At the same time, considering the structural difference of human capital, the different effects of heterogeneous human capital investment on the total factor productivity of East Asian countries are compared and analyzed. In addition, 12 countries in East Asia are divided into different regions according to certain criteria, and further comparative studies on these regions are made, and some useful conclusions are drawn. The results show that opening to the outside world and human capital investment and their combined effects have significantly promoted the total factor productivity of East Asian countries, and the different levels of human capital investment have different effects on the total factor productivity. Investment in human capital in higher education and secondary education has a significant positive impact on total factor productivity, and greater openness has a greater impact on total factor productivity in countries and regions with higher levels of development in East Asia. The impact of human capital investment on the total factor productivity (TFP) of the countries and regions with low level of development in East Asia is greater than that of the countries and regions with a higher level of development. The results show that, to further improve the degree of opening to the outside world, increase investment in human capital, give play to the role of government macro-control, Strengthening the supervision of financial development and increasing the per capita capital intensity to a certain extent are the feasible measures to realize the growth of total factor productivity and sustained economic growth in East Asian countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F113;F249.1
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本文編號：1968868