發(fā)布時間：2018-04-09 04:25

  本文選題：對外直接投資　切入點：公共私營合作　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國有全世界20%的人口,但是僅僅擁有6%的世界淡水資源,因此中國面對嚴(yán)重的淡水短缺,而且有專家預(yù)計在2030年需求將超越供應(yīng)能力的25%。此外,水資源的污染也逐漸嚴(yán)重。在2013年,國家環(huán)保部發(fā)布了報告,指出有30%的河屬于被污染或者嚴(yán)重污染,并且在198個城市中,有一半的地下水的水資源被污染。所以,為了解決這些問題,中國水務(wù)行業(yè)需要進(jìn)行大量的投資。由于政府的投資能力不足,行業(yè)需要私人部門的投資能力來支持水務(wù)行業(yè)基本設(shè)施的發(fā)展,尤其是外國投資者的投資能力。如今,中國城市水務(wù)服務(wù)市場的競爭環(huán)境已經(jīng)變得非常激烈,影響國內(nèi)和國外企業(yè)的收益和發(fā)展,它們越來越需要提高自己的競爭能力和不斷改善增強(qiáng)自己的競爭優(yōu)勢。外國企業(yè)中有兩家法國企業(yè),威立雅和蘇伊士環(huán)境,它們在中國市場占著重要的位置,向4100萬人和2000萬人提供水務(wù)服務(wù)。目前,參與中國城市水務(wù)市場的企業(yè)面臨許多困難,如水價低于水處理成本、投資缺口、投資的成本等。因此,許多中國本土水務(wù)企業(yè)的運(yùn)營績效屬于不太好的狀態(tài),它們其中有不少依靠中國政府的補(bǔ)貼繼續(xù)經(jīng)營。補(bǔ)貼是中國政府無法長期負(fù)擔(dān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力,所以不得不改善水務(wù)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營績效。所以,本論文的目標(biāo)是研究在華的法國水務(wù)企業(yè),為了了解法國水務(wù)企業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢何在,為什么它們經(jīng)營績效比中國水務(wù)企業(yè)好。為了完成我們的目標(biāo),我們選擇采用多案例研究法,對威立雅、中法水務(wù)、北京首創(chuàng)以及北控水務(wù)進(jìn)行比較分析。本研究基于國際生產(chǎn)折中理論和壟斷優(yōu)勢理論進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)法國水務(wù)企業(yè)擁有六種競爭優(yōu)勢,它們是商務(wù)榮譽(yù)、研發(fā)能力、人才的培養(yǎng)、水務(wù)項目的地位、企業(yè)的垂直整合和橫向整合戰(zhàn)略。我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)法國水務(wù)企業(yè)和中國水務(wù)企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略存在明顯的差別,差別主要出現(xiàn)在項目的地位、項目的商務(wù)模式、所有權(quán)關(guān)系及企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)的多元化程度。本研究不但能顯示出在哪些方面中國企業(yè)存在的競爭力不足之狀況,以及需要改善的地方,也有利于提高中國對法國水務(wù)企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略和競爭優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:China has 20 percent of the world's population, but only 6 percent of the world's freshwater resources, so China faces a severe shortage of fresh water, and experts predict that demand will outstrip supply capacity by 25 percent by 2030.In addition, the pollution of water resources is also gradually serious.In 2013, the Ministry of Environmental Protection released a report saying that 30 percent of the rivers were polluted or heavily polluted, and that half of the groundwater resources in 198 cities were contaminated.Therefore, in order to solve these problems, China's water industry needs a lot of investment.Because the government's investment capacity is insufficient, the industry needs the investment capacity of the private sector to support the infrastructure development of the water industry, especially the investment capacity of foreign investors.Nowadays, the competitive environment of China's urban water service market has become very fierce, affecting the income and development of domestic and foreign enterprises, they increasingly need to improve their competitiveness and enhance their competitive advantage.Among the foreign companies are two French companies, Veolia and Suez Environment, which dominate the Chinese market, providing water services to 41 million people and 20 million people.At present, enterprises participating in Chinese urban water market are facing many difficulties, such as water price is lower than water treatment cost, investment gap, investment cost and so on.As a result, the operating performance of many local water companies in China is not very good, many of them rely on subsidies from the Chinese government to continue to operate.Subsidies are economic pressures that the Chinese government cannot afford for a long time, so it has to improve the performance of water companies.Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the French water enterprises in China, in order to understand the competitive advantages of French water enterprises, why they have better performance than Chinese water enterprises.In order to achieve our goal, we choose to adopt a multi-case study method to compare and analyze Willis, Sino-French Water, Beijing first and Northern Control Water.Based on the analysis of international production compromise theory and monopoly advantage theory, it is found that French water enterprises have six competitive advantages, which are commercial honor, R & D ability, talent training, and the status of water projects.Vertical integration and horizontal integration strategy.We also find that there are obvious differences between French water enterprises and Chinese water enterprises in terms of the status of the project, the business model of the project, the ownership relationship and the degree of diversification of the enterprise business.This study can not only show in which aspects of the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, as well as the need to improve the situation, but also help to enhance China's strategic and competitive advantages against French water enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F299.24

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