發(fā)布時間：2018-03-27 21:48

  本文選題：經(jīng)濟與生態(tài)耦合　切入點：畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)快速發(fā)展的同時也帶來養(yǎng)殖廢棄物污染,盡管政府已將污染治理提上日程,但廢棄物數(shù)量的增加、有害物質(zhì)的超標(biāo)殘留以及消納問題仍未得到有效解決,種養(yǎng)脫離、利益主體眾多、利益關(guān)系復(fù)雜、治理鏈條長等困難束縛著治理進程。因此,基于經(jīng)濟與生態(tài)耦合的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物治理行為及機制的研究具有重要的理論價值和實際意義。本研究在對畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物的形成及污染機理、治理行為及機制進行理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,厘清了我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物污染形成及超載負荷現(xiàn)狀,實證研究了相關(guān)利益主體采納治理技術(shù)模式和選擇治理縱向關(guān)系的行為特征、影響因素及經(jīng)濟生態(tài)效益,分析評價了我國政府參與畜禽廢棄物治理的主要政策及其績效,探討了我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物治理模式及其機制,總結(jié)了發(fā)達國家畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物治理政策經(jīng)驗及可借鑒之處。本研究的主要研究結(jié)論是:污染表象原因是種養(yǎng)脫離,其治理效果受相關(guān)利益主體行為影響顯著;養(yǎng)殖場戶采納的廢棄物治理技術(shù)模式以簡易化為主,且影響因素各異;養(yǎng)殖場戶廢棄物治理縱向關(guān)系松散,交易鏈條不穩(wěn)定;種植戶廢棄物治理技術(shù)以糞肥為主,縱向關(guān)系松散,影響因素各異;減量化生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方和資源化中間商治理行為以基礎(chǔ)性為主,參與動力不足;政府治理監(jiān)管范圍拓寬且強度加大,但政策手段不完善;種養(yǎng)脫離型治理模式和松散型治理機制在我國仍是主流,種養(yǎng)結(jié)合型治理模式和緊密型治理機制則是優(yōu)化路徑;可借鑒治理模式和治理機制的有效實施存在適用條件。據(jù)此,本研究提出了如下政策建議:基于種養(yǎng)品種和環(huán)境可承載能力優(yōu)化種養(yǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)布局;劃定禁限養(yǎng)區(qū)的前提下穩(wěn)步推進土地流轉(zhuǎn),保障消納用地和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施供應(yīng);全面改進完善治理技術(shù)標(biāo)準,并根據(jù)治理環(huán)節(jié)及治理程度推行不同技術(shù);根據(jù)種養(yǎng)結(jié)合程度加強治理縱向關(guān)系,發(fā)揮新型經(jīng)營主體示范作用;依托約束因素構(gòu)建治理主體間緊密的制衡關(guān)系;建立權(quán)威與明確、全面與合理的治理政策體系,提高廢棄物經(jīng)濟價值。本研究的特色和創(chuàng)新點在于:從經(jīng)濟管理層面理論探討了畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物形成及污染機理、治理行為及治理機制;全面系統(tǒng)地研究了治理主體的治理行為及政府政策績效;揭示了畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物治理模式和治理機制的類型、約束因素和適用條件。獲得的研究成果既能為豐富和完善畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物治理的經(jīng)濟理論研究提供重要借鑒,也能為政府優(yōu)化治理監(jiān)管政策和種養(yǎng)業(yè)相關(guān)利益主體改進治理方案提供決策依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China has also brought about the pollution of aquaculture waste. Although the government has put pollution control on the agenda, the increase in the amount of waste, the excessive residue of harmful substances and the problem of elimination have not been effectively solved. The difficulties such as the separation of planting and raising, the numerous main bodies of interest, the complex relationship of interests, the long chain of governance and so on bind the process of governance. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the treatment behavior and mechanism of livestock and poultry wastes based on the coupling of economy and ecology. Based on the theoretical analysis of governance behavior and mechanism, this paper clarifies the status quo of pollution formation and overload load of livestock and poultry wastes in China, and empirically studies the behavior characteristics of relevant stakeholders adopting the governance technology model and choosing the longitudinal relationship of governance. The influencing factors and economic and ecological benefits are analyzed and evaluated. The main policies and achievements of our government in the management of livestock and poultry wastes are analyzed and evaluated. The management mode and mechanism of livestock and poultry wastes in China are discussed. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the apparent cause of pollution is the separation of breeding and breeding, and its control effect is significantly affected by the behavior of relevant stakeholders; The waste treatment technology adopted by farm households is mainly simplified, and the factors are different. The vertical relationship of livestock farm waste management is loose, the trade chain is unstable, and the waste management technology of growers is mainly manure. The vertical relationship is loose and the influencing factors are different; the governance behavior of production operators and resource middlemen is based mainly on the basis and the participation power is insufficient; the scope of government governance and supervision is widened and the intensity is increased, but the policy means are not perfect; The management mode and loose governance mechanism are still the mainstream in our country, while the combination management mode and the tight governance mechanism are the optimized path, which can be used for reference to the effective implementation of the governance model and governance mechanism, and therefore, there are applicable conditions for the effective implementation of the management model and mechanism. This study puts forward the following policy suggestions: optimizing the layout of breeding and raising industry based on the cultivar and environmental load-carrying capacity; steadily advancing land circulation and ensuring the supply of land and infrastructure under the premise of delimiting restricted areas; Improve and perfect the technical standard of governance comprehensively, and carry out different technologies according to the link of governance and the degree of governance, strengthen the vertical relationship of governance according to the degree of combination of planting and raising, and give play to the demonstration role of the new type of management main body; Based on the constraint factors, to build a close balance relationship between the governing bodies, to establish an authoritative and clear, comprehensive and reasonable governance policy system, To improve the economic value of waste. The characteristics and innovations of this study are as follows: from the level of economic management, the formation and pollution mechanism, treatment behavior and control mechanism of livestock and poultry waste are discussed; The governance behavior and government policy performance of the main body of governance are studied in a comprehensive and systematic way, and the types of treatment mode and mechanism of livestock and poultry waste are revealed. The research results obtained can provide important reference for enriching and improving the economic theory of livestock and poultry waste management. It can also provide the decision basis for the government to optimize the governance supervision policy and to improve the governance scheme for the related stakeholders in the breeding and raising industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X713

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