發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-15 15:02

【摘要】：自改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)與金融上都取得了極大發(fā)展。但與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)的收入分配差距也一再擴(kuò)大。一些研究指出，金融發(fā)展與收入差距之間存在某種相關(guān)關(guān)系。如果金融發(fā)展能夠在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)改善收入分配，那么推動(dòng)金融深化將對(duì)中國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生極為重要的意義。 首先，通過(guò)歸納與總結(jié)國(guó)外研究的經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)，本文提出了金融發(fā)展影響收入分配的三大效應(yīng)，，即金融發(fā)展的GJ效應(yīng)、利率效應(yīng)和減貧效應(yīng)。在對(duì)三大效應(yīng)的作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行分析之后，本文認(rèn)為鑒于目前金融抑制仍然是中國(guó)金融發(fā)展的主要特征，GJ效應(yīng)與利率效應(yīng)所反映的“門檻”占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位，金融發(fā)展的減貧效應(yīng)還不足以彌補(bǔ)“門檻”擴(kuò)大的收入差距。所以，在目前以及今后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，中國(guó)金融發(fā)展的總效應(yīng)仍將拉大居民間的收入差距水平。 接下來(lái)，本文結(jié)合中國(guó)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，分析了改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)金融發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)以及收入分配的變化情況。在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文進(jìn)一步對(duì)金融發(fā)展與收入分配差距的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了深入的探討�；赩AR的分析表明，金融發(fā)展規(guī)模和金融結(jié)構(gòu)都是造成收入差距擴(kuò)大的Granger原因，金融效率與收入差距之間則沒(méi)有任何因果關(guān)系。通過(guò)脈沖響應(yīng)函數(shù)分析表明，金融發(fā)展規(guī)模、效率和結(jié)構(gòu)的正向沖擊對(duì)基尼系數(shù)產(chǎn)生了較為明顯的同向影響。 基于省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù)模型的回歸結(jié)果也表明，金融發(fā)展顯著的擴(kuò)大了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。其中，貸款占GDP比例的提高、寬松的利率政策以及地方保護(hù)都造成了收入差距的擴(kuò)大，而勞動(dòng)者受教育程度的提高與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展則會(huì)促使收入差距縮小。 在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本文提出了三項(xiàng)政策建議，即構(gòu)造多元化的融資體系，大力發(fā)展小額信貸，實(shí)施有區(qū)別的貨幣政策。希望通過(guò)上述措施，能改變中國(guó)收入分配差距過(guò)大的狀況。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has made great economic and financial development. But at the same time, China's income distribution gap has also been widening. Some studies have pointed out that there is a certain correlation between financial development and income gap. If financial development can promote economic growth and improve income distribution, promoting financial deepening will be of great significance to China's sustainable development. First of all, by summing up the classical literature of foreign research, this paper proposes three effects of financial development on income distribution, namely, the GJ effect of financial development, interest rate effect and poverty reduction effect. After analyzing the action mechanism of the three effects, this paper holds that the "threshold" reflected by the GJ effect and the interest rate effect occupies a dominant position in view of the fact that financial repression is still the main feature of China's financial development at present. The poverty reduction effect of financial development is not enough to make up for the widening income gap. Therefore, at present and in the future, the total effect of China's financial development will still widen the income gap between residents. Then, this paper analyzes the characteristics of China's financial development and the changes of income distribution since the reform and opening up to the outside world. On this basis, this paper further discusses the relationship between financial development and income distribution gap. The analysis based on VAR shows that the scale of financial development and financial structure are the Granger reasons for the widening of income gap, and there is no causal relationship between financial efficiency and income gap. The analysis of impulse response function shows that the positive impact of the scale, efficiency and structure of financial development has a more obvious codirectional effect on the Gini coefficient. The regression results based on provincial panel data model also show that financial development has significantly widened the income gap between urban and rural areas. Among them, the increase of the ratio of loan to GDP, the loose interest rate policy and the local protection all caused the widening of the income gap, while the improvement of the worker's education level and the economic development will promote the narrowing of the income gap. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward three policy suggestions, that is, to construct a diversified financing system, to vigorously develop microcredit, and to implement a differentiated monetary policy. Hope that through the above measures, can change China's income distribution gap is too large.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F832;F124.7

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