【摘要】：對外直接投資是國民經(jīng)濟的重要組成成分,關(guān)乎國家走向國際的重要戰(zhàn)略。中國自1978年對外改革開放以來,經(jīng)濟得到了飛速發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟增速以驚人的速度遙遙領(lǐng)先于西方等各個發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟體。隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,尤其是在2001年加入世界貿(mào)易組織以后,中國的對外直接投資也進入了發(fā)展的快車道。2002年我國的對外直接投資流量是27億美元,而到了2015年已經(jīng)達(dá)到了1456.67億美元。近幾年隨著供給側(cè)改革和我國企業(yè)“走出去”以及“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的實施,我國的對外直接投資仍保持快速的發(fā)展趨勢。在為經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展自豪的同時,我們必須認(rèn)識到:由于對外投資體系的不成熟,世界經(jīng)濟形勢的不確定性,我國對外直接投資也面臨著很多風(fēng)險。本文以分析我國企業(yè)對外直接投資風(fēng)險為視角,以我國對外直接投資現(xiàn)狀為立足點,以華為公司為代表性企業(yè)對文章展開了討論。本文首先總結(jié)了前人的大量文獻(xiàn),認(rèn)為對我國對外投資風(fēng)險問題有待深入研究。其次簡述了對外直接投資風(fēng)險的相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)理論,包括對外直接投資風(fēng)險的概念和分類以及影響因素等。再次通過查找大量文獻(xiàn)資料如中國對外直接投資統(tǒng)計公報等來總結(jié)我國企業(yè)對外直接投資的現(xiàn)狀,包括我國企業(yè)對外直接投資發(fā)展歷程及主要特點,而后分析了我國企業(yè)對外直接投資面臨的風(fēng)險,主要有政治風(fēng)險、市場風(fēng)險、經(jīng)營風(fēng)險、跨文化管理風(fēng)險及技術(shù)風(fēng)險等。然后以華為公司為例,簡述了華為公司海外投資的現(xiàn)狀及特點,分析了其在海外投資中遭遇的幾類風(fēng)險,具體包括特定國家風(fēng)險、市場進入壁壘、法律風(fēng)險、匯率風(fēng)險、利率風(fēng)險、跨文化風(fēng)險、技術(shù)風(fēng)險和運營風(fēng)險等。而后又找出了華為為應(yīng)對每一風(fēng)險采用的策略,給其他企業(yè)帶來了啟示。最后,在前部分分析的基礎(chǔ)上為我國企業(yè)在對外直接投資過程中規(guī)避風(fēng)險給出了幾點建議。在政治風(fēng)險控制上,投資前做調(diào)查研究、選擇友好區(qū)域合作、合規(guī)運營等;在匯率風(fēng)險控制上,外匯期貨套期保值、加強外匯風(fēng)險管理意識、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的多元化等;在人文環(huán)境差異風(fēng)險控制上,識別文化差異、對員工跨文化培訓(xùn)、文化整合創(chuàng)新等。
[Abstract]:Foreign direct investment (OFDI) is an important component of the national economy and an important national strategy. Since the reform and opening to the outside world in 1978, China's economy has developed rapidly, and its economic growth rate is far ahead of that of other developed economies such as the West. With the development of economy, especially after China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's foreign direct investment has also entered the fast lane of development. In 2002, China's foreign direct investment flow was 2.7 billion US dollars. By 2015, it had reached $145.667 billion. In recent years, with the supply-side reform and the implementation of the strategy of "going out" and "Belt and Road", China's foreign direct investment (FDI) has maintained a rapid development trend. While we are proud of the rapid development of economy, we must realize that because of the immaturity of the foreign investment system and the uncertainty of the world economic situation, China's foreign direct investment is also facing a lot of risks. Based on the analysis of foreign direct investment risk of Chinese enterprises, this paper discusses the status quo of China's foreign direct investment and Huawei Company as the representative enterprise. Firstly, this paper summarizes a large number of previous literatures and thinks that the risk of China's foreign investment needs further study. Secondly, the basic theory of FDI risk is briefly introduced, including the concept and classification of FDI risk and its influencing factors. Thirdly, by looking up a large number of documents, such as the statistics bulletin of China's foreign direct investment, to sum up the current situation of Chinese enterprises' foreign direct investment, including the development history and main characteristics of Chinese enterprises' foreign direct investment. Then it analyzes the risks faced by Chinese enterprises in foreign direct investment, including political risk, market risk, management risk, cross-cultural management risk and technical risk. Then taking Huawei Company as an example, the paper briefly describes the present situation and characteristics of Huawei's overseas investment, and analyzes several kinds of risks encountered in overseas investment, including specific country risk, market entry barrier, legal risk, exchange rate risk, etc. Interest rate risk, cross-cultural risk, technical risk and operational risk. Then the strategy that Huawei uses to deal with each risk brings enlightenment to other enterprises. Finally, on the basis of the first part of the analysis, some suggestions are given for Chinese enterprises to avoid risks in the process of foreign direct investment. In the aspect of political risk control, we should make investigation and study before investment, choose friendly regional cooperation, comply with operation, etc. In exchange rate risk control, foreign exchange futures hedging, strengthening the awareness of foreign exchange risk management, diversification of production and management, etc. In the risk control of humanistic environment difference, identify cultural differences, cross-cultural training, innovation of cultural integration and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F279.2;F125

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