【摘要】：當(dāng)前中國(guó)人口老齡化趨勢(shì)的發(fā)展必然會(huì)引發(fā)大量潛在的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，其中養(yǎng)老保障問(wèn)題尤為突出。一方面，由于中國(guó)目前社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度還不完善，存在著制度和管理問(wèn)題，造成覆蓋人群范圍狹窄、保障水平低的問(wèn)題，老人無(wú)法完全依靠國(guó)家來(lái)養(yǎng)老；另一方面，由于我國(guó)長(zhǎng)期實(shí)施計(jì)劃生育政策，城市“4-2-1”家庭和“空巢”家庭大量涌現(xiàn)，使得傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老模式無(wú)法維系，老人完全依靠家庭養(yǎng)老也變得不切實(shí)際。由此可見(jiàn)，現(xiàn)行養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度和傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老模式，已難以應(yīng)對(duì)中國(guó)日益嚴(yán)重的老齡化危機(jī)，在這樣的社會(huì)背景下，探索適合本國(guó)國(guó)情的新型養(yǎng)老模式勢(shì)在必行。 “住房反向抵押貸款”是國(guó)外專為老年人晚年生活提供保障的一種解決方案，這一方案為中國(guó)解決老年人的養(yǎng)老難題提供了新的思路。國(guó)外采用的形式是老年人將住房抵押給銀行或特定的機(jī)構(gòu)，獲取貸款用于養(yǎng)老，同時(shí)老人仍然擁有對(duì)房屋的居住權(quán)，，去世后住房用于還貸。中國(guó)結(jié)合了自身實(shí)際特點(diǎn)，發(fā)展出“以房養(yǎng)老”模式，即老人通過(guò)對(duì)房產(chǎn)的租、換、售和抵押等多種途徑豐富養(yǎng)老資金。發(fā)展以房養(yǎng)老，在傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老和家庭養(yǎng)老的基礎(chǔ)上，以自有住房為依托，實(shí)現(xiàn)老人的自我養(yǎng)老，有助于減少人們對(duì)晚年生活的后顧之憂，有助于彌補(bǔ)社會(huì)保障體系的缺陷和不足，對(duì)改善老年人的晚年生活、促進(jìn)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和社會(huì)主義和諧有重要意義。 本文選取太原市為研究對(duì)象，在分析國(guó)外典型國(guó)家和國(guó)內(nèi)試點(diǎn)城市的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和特點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際情況，分析太原市實(shí)行以房養(yǎng)老的可行性，并對(duì)以房養(yǎng)老在未來(lái)中國(guó)發(fā)展和實(shí)施所需的配套體系和外部環(huán)境進(jìn)行了探討。
[Abstract]:The current trend of aging population in China will inevitably lead to a large number of potential social and economic problems, especially the problem of old-age security. On the one hand, because China's current social old-age insurance system is not perfect, there are problems of system and management, resulting in the problem of narrow coverage of the population and low level of security; on the other hand, the elderly cannot rely entirely on the state for the aged; on the other hand, Due to the implementation of family planning policy in China for a long time, "4-2-1" families and "empty nest" families in cities have sprung up in large numbers, which makes the traditional family old-age support model unsustainable, and it becomes impractical for the elderly to rely entirely on the family for the aged. It can be seen that the current endowment insurance system and the traditional family pension model have been difficult to cope with the increasingly serious aging crisis in China. Under such a social background, it is imperative to explore a new pension model suitable for our national conditions. "Housing reverse Mortgage loan" is a kind of solution to guarantee the old people's life in foreign countries, which provides a new way of thinking for China to solve the problem of old age. The form adopted abroad is that the elderly mortgage their housing to banks or special institutions to obtain loans for the aged, while the elderly still have the right to live in the house, and the housing after death is used to repay the loan. In combination with its own characteristics, China has developed a model of "providing for the aged by housing", in which the elderly enrich pension funds through various ways, such as rent, exchange, sale and mortgage of real estate. The development of housing for the aged, on the basis of the traditional social and family old-age support, and based on the self-housing, will help to reduce people's worries about the life of their old age. It is of great significance to improve the old people's life in old age and to promote social stability and socialist harmony. This article selects Taiyuan as the research object, on the basis of analyzing the experience and characteristics of the typical foreign countries and domestic pilot cities, combining with the local actual situation, analyzes the feasibility of using housing to provide for the aged in Taiyuan. The supporting system and external environment for the future development and implementation of housing for the aged in China are discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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