【摘要】：2008年的金融危機(jī)已經(jīng)過(guò)去四年了，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)還沒(méi)有在金融危機(jī)的陰影下復(fù)蘇,歐債危機(jī)又開(kāi)始蔓延，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)也是萎靡不振，，高失業(yè)率已經(jīng)不再是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的專利，在西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家失業(yè)率也開(kāi)始增高，引起了人們的恐慌。從歷次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中，我們可以看到經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)爆發(fā)的周期越來(lái)越短，而且危害越來(lái)越大，波及的范圍也越來(lái)越廣。除了這些特點(diǎn)以外，本次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)還有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)在資本主義制度最發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家頻頻爆發(fā)。本次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)就是從資本主義制度最發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家美國(guó)開(kāi)始的，而之后的歐債危機(jī)盡管是從希臘拉開(kāi)序幕，但是受到影響和打擊最大的是歐盟成員國(guó)里資本主義制度最發(fā)達(dá)的幾個(gè)國(guó)家：德國(guó)、意大利、西班牙。而在這場(chǎng)席卷全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)里那些資本主義制度還不是很發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家受到的破壞遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國(guó)家那么強(qiáng)烈。雖然我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷的大背景下受到了影響，但是到目前為止我們?cè)谶@次危機(jī)里受害程度相對(duì)較小，于是世界紛紛把目光投向了社會(huì)主義國(guó)家中國(guó)。與此同時(shí)馬克思的《資本論》在世界范圍內(nèi)又一次出現(xiàn)暢銷，而且馬克思經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)理論也再度被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家重視起來(lái)。 這次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)盡管從表面上看和馬克思講的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)發(fā)生形式不同，馬克思講的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的根源是生產(chǎn)相對(duì)過(guò)剩，經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的根本原因是生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的矛盾，經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的本質(zhì)是資本主義制度。而本次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)從表面上看不僅不是生產(chǎn)相對(duì)過(guò)剩，相反還表現(xiàn)為消費(fèi)過(guò)度，同時(shí)資本主義制度也還繼續(xù)存在，并沒(méi)有因?yàn)楸敬谓?jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的沖擊就被消滅。但是透過(guò)消費(fèi)過(guò)度這一現(xiàn)象我們可以看出：實(shí)際情況是資本家為了推銷生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩的產(chǎn)品而讓沒(méi)有消費(fèi)能力的人民群眾貸款消費(fèi)甚至提前消費(fèi)，其本質(zhì)還是生產(chǎn)相對(duì)過(guò)剩，因此本次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)發(fā)生的根源和本質(zhì)還是符合馬克思經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)理論的。同時(shí)本次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)雖然沒(méi)有推翻資本主義制度，但是已經(jīng)很大程度上打擊和動(dòng)搖了資本主義制度的根基，相信在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)資本主義一定會(huì)被社會(huì)主義所取代。
[Abstract]:Four years after the 2008 financial crisis, the US economy has not yet recovered under the shadow of the financial crisis, the European debt crisis has begun to spread again, the global economy is also in a doldrums, and high unemployment is no longer the exclusive preserve of developing countries. Unemployment has also started to rise in western developed countries, sparking panic. From the past economic crisis, we can see that the cycle of economic crisis is getting shorter and shorter, and the harm is more and more serious, and the scope of the crisis is also more and more extensive. In addition to these features, the economic crisis is also characterized by the frequent outbreak of economic crisis in the most developed capitalist countries. The current economic crisis began in the United States, the country with the most developed capitalist system, and the subsequent European debt crisis, although it began in Greece, But the most affected and hit are the countries with the most developed capitalist systems in the EU: Germany, Italy, and Spain. In the midst of the global economic crisis, the damage to the less developed countries is far less severe. Although China's economy has been affected by the global economic downturn, so far we have suffered relatively little in this crisis, so the world has turned its attention to the socialist country China. At the same time, Marx's Capital appeared again in the world, and Marx's theory of economic crisis was paid more attention by economists. Although the current economic crisis is different from the economic crisis described by Marx on the surface, the root cause of the economic crisis mentioned by Marx is the relative overproduction, and the root cause of the economic crisis is the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production. The essence of the economic crisis is the capitalist system. On the face of it, the economic crisis is not only a relative excess of production, but also overconsumption, and the capitalist system also continues to exist, and has not been eliminated because of the impact of the economic crisis. However, through the phenomenon of excessive consumption, we can see that the actual situation is that capitalists, in order to promote overproduced products, let the people without the ability to spend money or even consume ahead of schedule. The essence of this phenomenon is that the production is relatively overproduction. Therefore, the origin and nature of the economic crisis is in line with Marx's theory of economic crisis. At the same time, although the current economic crisis has not overthrown the capitalist system, it has to a large extent hit and shaken the foundation of the capitalist system, and believes that capitalism will be replaced by socialism in the near future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F831.59;F113.7

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