本文選題：民營企業(yè)　切入點：對外直接投資　出處：《寧波大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展，具備跨國對外直接投資能力的企業(yè)越來越多。但截至2009年，對外投資的主體依然是大型國有企業(yè)，占全國企業(yè)數(shù)量95%的中小民營企業(yè)在跨國投資的道路上困難重重。引導民企集群對外投資，發(fā)揮集群優(yōu)勢，降低投資風險，成為促進民營企業(yè)走出去的新途徑。 本文用產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚相關(guān)理論，借鑒邁克爾波特對國家競爭優(yōu)勢分析方法來研究民企對外直接投資的集群優(yōu)勢形成機理。結(jié)果顯示集群對外直接投資可以給企業(yè)從成本、創(chuàng)新、專業(yè)化資源、信息、區(qū)位品牌和規(guī)模性六大方面帶來優(yōu)勢。說明通過集群對外直接投資可以降低投資風險，提高企業(yè)競爭優(yōu)勢，增加企業(yè)走出去的成功率。 在此基礎(chǔ)上對浙江民營企業(yè)對外投資進行調(diào)查和驗證。分別使用案例分析和調(diào)查問卷法探尋企業(yè)走出去的現(xiàn)狀、特征和問題。面向浙江溫州、臺州、寧波鎮(zhèn)海區(qū)和寧�？h四個地區(qū)的民營企業(yè)進行問卷調(diào)查，回收178份有效問卷。發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然浙江省境外企業(yè)數(shù)量居全國首位，占全國近三分之一，，浙江擁有的集群對外直接投資的載體平臺—境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)數(shù)量也是全國最多的，但是絕大部分并不是集群走出去，境外合作區(qū)內(nèi)的浙江省民企也不多。 為了探討影響民營企業(yè)對外投資的因素，了解民企對外投資的真實訴求，文章對調(diào)查問卷所得的數(shù)據(jù)進行深入分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)絕大部分民企都有對外投資意愿，但是高達82%的民企都在擔憂走出去之后資金融資問題；79%的民企希望政府能夠有切實的優(yōu)惠扶持政策幫助企業(yè)成功走出去；66%的民企重視身邊同行對外直接投資的經(jīng)驗和評價；64%的民企對境外合作區(qū)信息不夠了解；此外浙江民企對產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新力和國際化人才方面不夠重視，忽略了集群的長遠優(yōu)勢，暴露出了民企逐利的短視行為。以上發(fā)現(xiàn)的這些因素都制約著民企對外直接投資。而集群的六大優(yōu)勢則相應的滿足了民企走出去的利益訴求，集群的優(yōu)勢可以促進民企對外投資發(fā)展，增加民企走出去的成功率。 最后，筆者從支持境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)發(fā)展壯大，加快民企集群對外投資步伐的角度，依據(jù)民企的現(xiàn)實訴求，從宣傳力度、專業(yè)化資源、創(chuàng)新能力資源、信息資源和新集群建設五個方面給出了具體的政策建議，以增強集群優(yōu)勢對民企走出去的促進作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy, there are more and more enterprises with the ability of transnational foreign direct investment (FDI).But as of 2009, the main body of foreign investment is still large state-owned enterprises, accounting for 95% of the number of small and medium-sized private enterprises in the road of transnational investment difficulties.It is a new way to promote the private enterprises to go out by guiding the private enterprises to invest abroad, giving play to the advantages of the cluster and reducing the investment risk.Based on the theory of industrial agglomeration, this paper studies the formation mechanism of FDI cluster advantage of private enterprises by using Michael Porter's analysis method of national competitive advantage.The results show that FDI can bring advantages to enterprises in terms of cost, innovation, specialized resources, information, regional brand and scale.It shows that FDI can reduce the investment risk, improve the competitive advantage of enterprises and increase the success rate of enterprises going out.On this basis, Zhejiang private enterprises foreign investment investigation and verification.Case analysis and questionnaire are used to explore the current situation, characteristics and problems of enterprises going out.A questionnaire survey was conducted for private enterprises in Wenzhou, Taizhou, Zhenhai and Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, and 178 valid questionnaires were collected.It is found that although the number of overseas enterprises in Zhejiang Province ranks first in the country and accounts for nearly 1/3 of the country, Zhejiang also has the largest number of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, which are the carrier platforms for cluster outward direct investment.But the vast majority is not the cluster goes out, the foreign cooperation area Zhejiang Province private enterprise is also not many.In order to explore the factors that affect private enterprises' foreign investment and understand the true demand of private enterprises' foreign investment, the paper makes a deep analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire.It is found that most private enterprises have the desire to invest abroad.But as many as 82 percent of private enterprises are worried about financing after going out. 79 percent of private enterprises hope that the government will have practical preferential support policies to help enterprises go out successfully. 66 percent of private enterprises attach importance to the foreign direct investment of their counterparts around them.64% of the private enterprises did not know enough about the information of the overseas cooperative areas.In addition, Zhejiang private enterprises pay less attention to product innovation and international talents, ignore the long-term advantages of the cluster, and expose the short-sighted behavior of pursuing profits by private enterprises.The above found these factors are restricting the foreign direct investment of private enterprises.The six advantages of the cluster meet the interests of private enterprises to go out, the advantages of the cluster can promote the development of foreign investment of private enterprises, and increase the success rate of private enterprises going out.Finally, from the point of view of supporting the development of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones and speeding up the foreign investment of private enterprise clusters, according to the realistic demands of private enterprises, from the aspects of propaganda, specialized resources, innovative ability resources,Five aspects of information resources and new cluster construction are given in order to enhance the advantages of the cluster to promote private enterprises to go out.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F276.5;F832.6

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