本文選題：金融發(fā)展　切入點：貧困減緩　出處：《東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：金融發(fā)展和貧困減緩一直是學(xué)者和政策制定者關(guān)注的問題。改革開放以來,我國的金融發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了從單一到多元的發(fā)展歷程,無論是規(guī)模還是效率都有著顯著的提高。以經(jīng)典的M2/GDP計算,我國的金融發(fā)展規(guī)模由1978年31.8%上升到2011年的185%,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了實際經(jīng)濟增長速度。從金融資產(chǎn)來看,總量穩(wěn)定增長,由1978年的3257.4億元增加到2010年的171.4萬億元,并由單一結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成由中央銀行(中國人民銀行)、政策性銀行、國有獨資商業(yè)銀行、其他商業(yè)銀行、非銀行金融機構(gòu)、股票市場和債券市場等構(gòu)成多元的金融體系,大大的增加了金融服務(wù)獲得的可能性。 另外,不可忽視的實際情況是我國的貧困與貧困減緩問題。作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家,貧困仍是我國面臨的重要問題之一,因此,我國一直致力于貧困減緩工作,并取得了突出的成就。根據(jù)我國官方統(tǒng)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn),我國絕對貧困人口從1978年的2.5億下降至2010年的2688萬人,貧困發(fā)生率從1978年的30.7%下降到2010年的2.8%,年平均約下降0.845%。減貧效果的取得得益于我國的減貧措施,其中金融發(fā)展減貧的作用不可忽視,從早期的信貸扶貧到現(xiàn)階段的小額信貸、保險、微型金融等,在貧困減緩中起到了不可替代的作用,但由于如經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平、初始收入水平、自然條件、地理位置、教育水平、代際相傳、個人素質(zhì)等對貧困不同程度的影響,金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩作用的發(fā)揮受到限制。因此,正確認(rèn)識金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩的作用,有利于促進(jìn)我國通過金融改革減少直至消除貧困,并為相關(guān)政策的制定提供重要的參考依據(jù),促進(jìn)金融發(fā)展有效發(fā)揮減緩貧困的作用。 從理論角度,金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟增長關(guān)系一直是研究的焦點,此外,金融在推動創(chuàng)新、降低交易成本、創(chuàng)造流動性、促進(jìn)資本積累、改善資源配置、分散風(fēng)險及提高公司治理水平等方面的作用也頗受關(guān)注；在減緩貧困方面,研究主要集中于公共產(chǎn)品提供、收入分配制度、行業(yè)壟斷、制度因素(財政稅收制度)、非法收入、財政與援助等。直到20世紀(jì)90年代金融發(fā)展減緩貧困作用才受到普遍的關(guān)注,相關(guān)研究則主要集中于金融發(fā)展如何以經(jīng)濟增長方式減緩貧困,少有專門研究金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩的作用機制。因此,從金融發(fā)展角度,深入分析金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩的作用機制,有助于擴展金融發(fā)展與貧困減緩關(guān)系的研究理論,并豐富相關(guān)的研究成果。 基于以上對現(xiàn)實和現(xiàn)有理論的認(rèn)識與思考,本文以“我國金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩的影響：理論與實證”為題,在金融發(fā)展理論與貧困減緩理論的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩作用機制的分析框架,運用系統(tǒng)GMM估計、ARDL模型以及OLS方法,結(jié)合我國實際情況,對二者的關(guān)系進(jìn)行實證分析,從而為以金融發(fā)展實施貧困減緩政策的制定與應(yīng)用提供理論和實踐的支持。 從研究方法上,本文充分運用金融學(xué)、經(jīng)濟學(xué)、統(tǒng)計學(xué)、管理學(xué)等學(xué)科方法,遵循理論指導(dǎo)實踐、實證驗證理論的思路,以現(xiàn)有理論為基礎(chǔ),運用規(guī)范分析的方法,對相關(guān)研究成果進(jìn)行歸納和演繹,以客觀構(gòu)建金融發(fā)展影響貧困減緩的作用機制。并在這一框架下,結(jié)合我國實際,采用系統(tǒng)GMM估計、ARDL模型、OLS估計等定量方法,以動態(tài)面板數(shù)據(jù)、時間序列數(shù)據(jù)和橫截面數(shù)據(jù)對我國金融發(fā)展與貧困減緩的問題進(jìn)行論證,運用系統(tǒng)分析法對相關(guān)結(jié)論進(jìn)行總結(jié),提出政策啟示和對策建議,從而保證研究的科學(xué)性與可信性,力求反映中國實際。 在研究內(nèi)容上,本文在金融發(fā)展理論與貧困減緩理論的基礎(chǔ)上,對國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述,借鑒相關(guān)研究成果構(gòu)建了金融發(fā)展影響貧困減緩的作用機制,并分別采用我國省際動態(tài)面板數(shù)據(jù)、全國數(shù)據(jù),運用系統(tǒng)GMM估計和ARDL模型進(jìn)行了實證分析,認(rèn)為金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩具有積極作用。由于金融服務(wù)獲得對貧困減緩直接作用的特殊性,本文專門針對金融發(fā)展直接減緩貧困機制,以時間序列數(shù)據(jù)和橫截面數(shù)據(jù)為樣本,采用OLS方法對二者的長期關(guān)系進(jìn)行了檢驗。最后得出金融發(fā)展減緩貧困的政策啟示,并提出發(fā)揮金融減緩貧困作用的對策建議。全文分為7章,具體如下： 第1章緒論。本章首先闡述了選題的背景和研究意義,鑒于我國金融發(fā)展與貧困減緩顯著成就以及金融減貧政策對貧困減緩作用的典型事實,本文提出關(guān)于金融發(fā)展與貧困減緩的相關(guān)命題,主要目的是明確我國金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩的影響機制以及二者的關(guān)系。為清楚的研究二者的關(guān)系,本文對涉及的相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了界定,提出研究的目標(biāo)、主要內(nèi)容、研究思路與研究方法。最后,指出本文可能的創(chuàng)新之處以及存在的不足。 第2章金融發(fā)展與貧困減緩的文獻(xiàn)綜述。本章首先對金融發(fā)展理論、貧困與貧困減緩理論進(jìn)行簡要的回顧,在厘清相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,對金融發(fā)展與貧困減緩的國內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)行綜述。通過對相關(guān)理論和文獻(xiàn)的回顧,可以看出,從金融發(fā)展的角度研究貧困減緩問題,有利于豐富相關(guān)的理論與實證成果。 第3章金融發(fā)展影響貧困減緩的作用機制。本章在相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了金融發(fā)展影響貧困減緩的分析框架,逐一對經(jīng)濟增長機制、收入分配機制、金融自由化機制以及金融服務(wù)作用機制進(jìn)行分析,并對每一機制影響貧困減緩的方式進(jìn)行了探討,明確金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩的影響路徑。 第4章我國金融發(fā)展與貧困現(xiàn)狀分析。本章首先闡述了我國金融發(fā)展的歷史背景與特點,在對金融發(fā)展指標(biāo)回顧的基礎(chǔ)上,說明了本文選取金融發(fā)展指標(biāo)的原因,并對我國金融發(fā)展的整體情況進(jìn)行評價。然后選取常用的貧困指標(biāo)對我國貧困現(xiàn)狀與特點進(jìn)行了闡述,分析貧困問題產(chǎn)生的原因。最后,對我國現(xiàn)有的金融減緩貧困的政策進(jìn)行了闡述與評價。 第5章金融發(fā)展影響貧困減緩的實證分析。本章根據(jù)第3章的分析框架構(gòu)建模型,并結(jié)合相關(guān)理論與我國實際情況對變量進(jìn)行界定,分別采用GMM估計、ARDL模型和OLS法進(jìn)行實證分析。首先,采用系統(tǒng)GMM估計方法,以我國省際動態(tài)面板數(shù)據(jù)為樣本,檢驗金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩作用,從而明確金融發(fā)展影響貧困減緩的機制。其次,借助較新的ARDL模型對金融發(fā)展與貧困減緩的協(xié)整關(guān)系進(jìn)行檢驗,并對二者的因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。鑒于金融服務(wù)發(fā)展對貧困減緩的直接作用,本章最后采用OLS法分別以時間序列數(shù)據(jù)和橫截面數(shù)據(jù)對金融發(fā)展影響貧困的直接作用機制進(jìn)行檢驗,從而驗證金融服務(wù)獲得對貧困減緩的直接效應(yīng)。 第6章金融發(fā)展減緩貧困的政策啟示與對策建議。根據(jù)前述分析,本章提出了金融發(fā)展減緩貧困的政策啟示與對策建議。政策啟示包括：正確看待金融發(fā)展減緩貧困的作用；有效識別金融發(fā)展減緩貧困的目標(biāo)群體；政府適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)與支持；充分發(fā)揮宏觀機制的作用,擴大金融服務(wù)的覆蓋面。對策建議包括：規(guī)范信貸投向,促進(jìn)貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展；健全小微企業(yè)融資渠道,擴展貧困群體收入來源；創(chuàng)新金融產(chǎn)品,改善對貧困群體的金融服務(wù)水平；構(gòu)建普惠的金融服務(wù)體系,完善貧困群體的信用體系；加強金融監(jiān)管,降低對貧困群體的消極影響；促進(jìn)金融發(fā)展環(huán)境建設(shè),避免對貧困群體的服務(wù)歧視。 第7章主要結(jié)論與未來研究展望。本章主要是對全文理論分析與實證檢驗結(jié)果的總結(jié),并對未來研究方向進(jìn)行展望。 本文得到以下主要結(jié)論： 首先,金融發(fā)展具有資源配置、公司治理、風(fēng)險管理、金融服務(wù)(儲蓄、貸款、保險、培訓(xùn)等)等功能,它可以通過經(jīng)濟增長、收入分配、金融波動風(fēng)險以及金融服務(wù)獲得作用于貧困減緩。 第二,我國的金融發(fā)展有利于貧困減緩,但會受到金融波動的影響。系統(tǒng)GMM估計結(jié)果表明,金融發(fā)展減緩貧困除直接作用外,還有經(jīng)濟增長、收入分配的積極作用,以及金融波動的消極影響。由于金融服務(wù)成本承擔(dān)能力的制約,金融發(fā)展初期可能對窮人不利,但越過這一拐點后,金融發(fā)展有利于窮人收入水平的提高,即金融發(fā)展減緩貧困存在先惡化后改善效應(yīng)。ARDL模型估計結(jié)果表明,金融發(fā)展有利于貧困減緩關(guān)系是長期穩(wěn)定的,并存在金融發(fā)展與貧困減緩的長期雙向因果關(guān)系,而短期因果關(guān)系與金融發(fā)展指標(biāo)選取有關(guān)。OLS的驗證結(jié)果表明,金融服務(wù)有利于貧困減緩,這一效應(yīng)具有長期性。 第三,應(yīng)正確看待金融發(fā)展減緩貧困的作用,規(guī)范引導(dǎo)金融信貸投向,加大金融產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新,健全融資渠道,構(gòu)建普惠的金融服務(wù)體系,擴大金融服務(wù)群體,同時規(guī)避金融風(fēng)險,促進(jìn)金融發(fā)展環(huán)境建設(shè),實現(xiàn)金融的和諧發(fā)展,從而有效發(fā)揮金融發(fā)展減緩貧困的作用。 論文主要的創(chuàng)新之處在于：首先,以國內(nèi)外研究成果為基礎(chǔ),構(gòu)建了金融發(fā)展影響貧困減緩的經(jīng)濟增長、收入分配、金融風(fēng)險、金融服務(wù)獲得作用機制的分析框架,豐富了金融發(fā)展的相關(guān)研究成果。 第二,采用系統(tǒng)GMM估計實證分析了金融發(fā)展影響貧困減緩的經(jīng)濟增長、收入分配、金融風(fēng)險以及金融服務(wù)獲得的作用機制,并驗證了金融發(fā)展對貧困減緩的G-J效應(yīng)。這一方法克服了固定效應(yīng)分析等方法的不足。在協(xié)整關(guān)系分析中,采用了ARDL模型,避免了對數(shù)據(jù)平穩(wěn)性、協(xié)整關(guān)系以及樣本大小的要求。 第三,構(gòu)建了以宏觀數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)的分析模型,并對金融服務(wù)發(fā)展對貧困減緩的作用機制進(jìn)行檢驗,從而彌補了相關(guān)研究的空白。
[Abstract]:Financial development and poverty alleviation has been the concern of scholars and policy making. Since the reform and opening up, China's financial development has experienced the development process from single to multiple, regardless of size or efficiency have improved significantly. According to classical M2/GDP calculations, China's financial development scale increased from 31.8% in 1978 in 2011 185%, far more than the actual economic growth. From the financial assets, the total amount of steady growth, increased from 325 billion 740 million yuan in 1978 to 171 trillion and 400 billion yuan in 2010, and from a single structure into the central bank (the people's Bank of China), policy banks, state-owned commercial banks, other commercial banks, non bank financial institutions, the stock market and bond market constitute a diversified financial system, greatly increased the possibility of financial service.
In addition, the actual situation can not be ignored is the problem of poverty and poverty in China. As the largest developing country in the world, one of the important issues facing our country is still so poor, China has been committed to poverty alleviation work, and made outstanding achievements. According to China standard of official statistics, China's population poverty declined from 250 million in 2010 to 26 million 880 thousand in 1978, the poverty rate dropped from 30.7% in 1978 to 2.8% in 2010, the average annual decline of about 0.845%. gains achieved poverty reduction in poverty reduction measures in our country, the financial development and poverty reduction can not be ignored, the insurance from the early stage to credit poverty alleviation micro credit, micro finance, etc., in poverty alleviation plays an irreplaceable role, but because of the level of economic development, the initial income level, natural conditions, geographical location, education level, intergenerational transmission, a Effect of quality on different levels of poverty, financial development play a protective effect on poverty is limited. Therefore, the correct understanding of the financial development to poverty alleviation, is conducive to the promotion of China's financial reform through reducing and eliminating poverty, and provide an important reference for the formulation of relevant policies, to promote financial development effectively slowed down the role of poverty.
From the angle of theory, the relationship between financial development and economic growth has been the focus of research, in addition, in the financial innovation, reduce transaction costs, create liquidity, promote capital accumulation, improve the allocation of resources, disperse risk and improve the level of corporate governance and other aspects of the role is also popular attention; in poverty alleviation, mainly focus on the provision of public goods, income distribution system, industry monopoly, institutional factors (financial tax system), illegal income, financial aid and so on. Until the 1990s financial development role in poverty alleviation is widespread concern, the relevant research is mainly focused on how the financial development to the economic growth mode of poverty alleviation, less devoted to the study of the effect of financial development on the mechanism of poverty alleviation. Therefore, from the perspective of financial development, in-depth analysis of the effect of financial development on the mechanism of poverty alleviation, contribute to the expansion of financial development and poverty The research theory that slows down the relationship and enriches the relevant research results.
The above understanding and consideration of the reality and the existing theory based on the development of China's financial impact on Poverty Alleviation: on theoretical and empirical studies, in theory of financial development and poverty mitigation based on the theory of financial development mechanism of poverty mitigation analysis frame, use the system GMM estimation, ARDL model and OLS method, combined with the actual situation in China, the empirical analysis on the relationship between the two, so as to implement the financial development and poverty alleviation policy formulation and application of the theory and practice support.
From the research method, this paper make full use of finance, economics, statistics, management and other disciplines, follow the theory guiding practice, theory and empirical validation of ideas, to the existing theory, the method of normative analysis, the related research results are summarized and deductive, to construct the objective mechanism of financial development on poverty alleviation. And in this framework, combined with the reality of our country, using the system GMM estimation, ARDL model, OLS estimation and other quantitative methods to dynamic panel data to demonstrate the financial development of our country and development in poverty alleviation time series data and cross-sectional data, using the system analysis method to summarize the relevant conclusions. Put forward the policy implications and suggestions, so as to ensure the credibility of science and research, strives to reflect the actual China.
In the research content, based on the theory of financial development and poverty mitigation on the basis of the theory, the literature review, from the relevant research results builds a mechanism for poverty alleviation effect of financial development, and using data of China's national, provincial panel data, using the system GMM and ARDL model for empirical estimation analysis suggests that financial development has a positive effect on poverty alleviation. Due to financial services for special slow direct effect on poverty, this paper specifically for financial development directly to poverty alleviation mechanism, time series data and cross-section data as samples, using OLS method of long-term relationships among the two tested. At the end of that financial development slow down the policy implications of poverty, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions of financial play a role in poverty alleviation. The thesis is divided into 7 chapters, as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction. This chapter first describes the background and significance of this research, in view of China's financial development and poverty mitigation remarkable achievements and the typical financial facts of poverty reduction policy on poverty alleviation effect, this paper advances a proposition related to financial development and poverty alleviation, the main purpose is to clear the development of China's financial impact on mechanism poverty alleviation and two. In order to study the relationship between the two clearly, this paper defines the related concepts, puts forward the research objectives, main contents, research ideas and research methods. Finally, the possible innovations and shortcomings.
The second chapter is literature review of financial development and poverty alleviation. The first chapter of the theory of financial development, conduct a brief review of poverty and poverty alleviation theory, based on clarifying the relevant theory, the financial development and poverty alleviation at home and abroad were reviewed. Through the review of the relevant theory and literature can be seen, the slowdown the study of poverty from the perspective of financial development, is conducive to the theoretical and empirical achievements related.
The third chapter mechanism of financial development for poverty alleviation. This chapter on the basis of relevant theory, constructs the framework for poverty alleviation effect of financial development on economic growth mechanism, one by one, the income distribution mechanism, analysis of the financial liberalization and the mechanism of financial service mechanism, and each influence mechanism of poverty alleviation mode to clear effect of financial development on poverty alleviation path.
The fourth chapter analysis of the current situation of China's financial development and poverty. This chapter first describes the historical background and characteristics of China's financial development, based on the review of indicators of financial development, this paper explains the selection of indicators of financial development, and the overall situation of the development of China's financial evaluation. Then select the common indexes of poverty elaborates on the characteristics and current situation of poverty in China, analysis of the causes of poverty problems. Finally, on China's existing financial poverty alleviation policies are described and evaluated.
An empirical analysis on the impact of poverty alleviation and financial development. The fifth chapter in this chapter according to the analysis framework the third chapter construction model, and combining the theory with the actual situation in our country the variables are defined, respectively using GMM estimation, ARDL model and OLS method for empirical analysis. Firstly, estimation method using the system GMM, with provincial panel data I in the sample, slow down the inspection of financial development on the poor, so as to clear the mechanism of poverty alleviation of the impact of financial development. Secondly, the ARDL model with the new test on the relationship between financial development and poverty alleviation and causal association, the relationship between the two is analyzed. In view of the direct effect of financial services on the development of poverty alleviation. At the end of this chapter, using the method of OLS direct mechanism with time series data and cross-sectional data of the influence of financial development on poverty to test, to verify the financial services for poor The direct effect of slowing down.
Slow enlightenment and policy of poverty sixth chapter financial development. Based on the above analysis, this chapter puts forward the suggestions and Countermeasures of poverty mitigation from financial development. Policy implications include: a correct view of poverty alleviation in financial development; financial development to effectively identify poverty mitigation target groups; government guidance and support fully appropriate; play the macro mechanism, expand the coverage of financial services. The countermeasures include: regulating the flow of credit, to promote economic development in poverty-stricken areas; improve the Small and micro businesses to expand financing channels, poor sources of income; innovative financial products, improve the level of financial services for the poor; building inclusive financial services system, improve the poor credit system; strengthen financial supervision, to reduce the negative impact on poverty; promote the construction and development of the financial environment, to avoid poverty Discrimination in the service of the group.
The seventh chapter is the main conclusion and future research prospect. This chapter mainly summarizes the theoretical analysis and empirical test results of the full text, and looks forward to the future research direction.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
First, financial development has the functions of resource allocation, corporate governance, risk management, financial services (savings, loans, insurance, training, etc.), and it can be slowed down by economic growth, income distribution, financial volatility risk and financial services.
Second, China's financial development is conducive to poverty alleviation, but will be affected by the financial system fluctuations. The results of GMM show that the financial development and poverty alleviation in addition to direct effect, and economic growth, the positive role of the income distribution, and the negative impact of financial volatility. Due to the restriction of the ability to bear the cost of financial services, at the early stage of financial development may be bad for the poor, but across the inflection point, is conducive to the incomes of the poor to raise the level of financial development, financial development has deteriorated after the first poverty reduction effect.ARDL model estimation results show that financial development is conducive to poverty alleviation is a long-term stable relationship, and the existence of financial development and poverty alleviation of the long-term two-way causal relationship however, the short-term causal relationship between financial development index verification on.OLS results show that financial services is conducive to poverty alleviation, this effect is long-term.
Third, should be a correct view of financial development and poverty alleviation, standardize and guide financial credit, increase financial product innovation, improve the financing channels, building inclusive financial services system, to expand the financial services group, and avoid financial risks, promote the construction and development of the financial environment, realize the harmonious development of Finance, so as to effectively play the role of financial poverty alleviation development.
The main innovations of the paper are: first, based on the research results at home and abroad, we build an analytical framework for financial development, which affects poverty alleviation, economic growth, income distribution, financial risk and the mechanism of financial services acquisition, which enriches the related research results of financial development.
Second, using the system GMM empirical analysis of the impact of financial development on economic growth for poverty alleviation, estimation of income distribution mechanism, financial risk and financial services, and verify the G-J effect of financial development on poverty alleviation. This method overcomes the shortcomings of fixed effect analysis method. In the analysis of cointegration relationship, the the ARDL model, to avoid data stationarity, cointegration relation and sample size requirements.
Third, we built a macro data based analysis model, and tested the mechanism of financial services development on poverty alleviation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832;F124.7;F224

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本文編號：1629420