本文關(guān)鍵詞： “三農(nóng)” 金融機(jī)構(gòu) 協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 系統(tǒng)特征 金融共生 金融分工　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：黨中央和國務(wù)院高度重視“三農(nóng)”，自2004年以來連續(xù)9年的“中央一號文件”強(qiáng)調(diào)“三農(nóng)”問題。在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展、農(nóng)民增收和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)領(lǐng)域，相繼出臺了系列政策，旨在加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位，走特色農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化之路，建立以工促農(nóng)、以城帶鄉(xiāng)長效機(jī)制，形成城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會一體化新格局。 農(nóng)村金融是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心。改革開放以來，我國重建了農(nóng)村金融體系，農(nóng)村金融規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，對推動農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。但是，農(nóng)村金融的改革步伐還沒有跟上農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型對金融服務(wù)不斷增長的需求，如農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)空白鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)依然存在，農(nóng)戶仍普遍面臨不同程度的信貸約束，政策性金融業(yè)務(wù)萎縮而且與商業(yè)性金融業(yè)務(wù)交叉競爭，農(nóng)村保險(xiǎn)嚴(yán)重滯后等問題仍然突出。我國農(nóng)村金融市場“二元”金融結(jié)構(gòu)特征明顯，正規(guī)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)與非正規(guī)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)并存。農(nóng)村正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)體系經(jīng)歷了歷史上的農(nóng)村合作性金融機(jī)構(gòu)為主到現(xiàn)行的合作性金融、商業(yè)性金融及政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)并存的格局。目前，三類農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)都從戰(zhàn)略層面上高調(diào)支持“三農(nóng)”，如農(nóng)村信用社等合作性金融機(jī)構(gòu)充當(dāng)支農(nóng)主力，改制后的農(nóng)業(yè)銀行仍設(shè)立“三農(nóng)”事業(yè)部，，郵政儲蓄銀行定位于服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”等。但三類金融機(jī)構(gòu)服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”時缺乏共生動力，信息溝通不暢，支農(nóng)尚未形成合力�；谏鲜霰尘�，本文專門針對面向“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展問題進(jìn)行研究，具有理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 協(xié)調(diào)是為了達(dá)到系統(tǒng)最佳效果而促使系統(tǒng)各部分機(jī)能處于合作與有序狀態(tài)。面向“三農(nóng)”的金融機(jī)構(gòu)包括涉農(nóng)銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)、保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)、擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)、租賃機(jī)構(gòu)等，目前以銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)為主。面向“三農(nóng)”的銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)包括各級農(nóng)村信用社、農(nóng)村合作銀行等合作性銀行，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行等政策性銀行，農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行、中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、城市商業(yè)銀行、中國郵政儲蓄銀行等商業(yè)性銀行。面向“三農(nóng)”的金融機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展是指涉農(nóng)政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)、合作性金融機(jī)構(gòu)及商業(yè)性金融機(jī)構(gòu)相互依存、面向“三農(nóng)”、注重支農(nóng)效果的良性循環(huán)過程。系統(tǒng)論、金融共生論、農(nóng)村金融供求論和勞動分工論為面向“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展提供了理論依據(jù)�！叭r(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)“協(xié)調(diào)”的根本目的是為了高效“支農(nóng)”，各類金融機(jī)構(gòu)的有機(jī)整合和協(xié)同有序能提高金融支農(nóng)系統(tǒng)的整體效應(yīng)。協(xié)調(diào)的內(nèi)在動力是各類金融機(jī)構(gòu)的比較優(yōu)勢，協(xié)調(diào)的外部動力是優(yōu)化的農(nóng)村金融生態(tài)環(huán)境，協(xié)調(diào)的手段是適當(dāng)?shù)慕鹑诒O(jiān)管制度和信息反饋機(jī)制。 功能是事物所發(fā)揮的有利作用及效能。文中依據(jù)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的觀點(diǎn)，分析了“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的功能特征，并逐一考察了當(dāng)前不同類型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)實(shí)功能：政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)的功能由早期較為廣泛的政策性支農(nóng)功能縮減為開發(fā)性支農(nóng)功能，盈利性導(dǎo)向明顯；傳統(tǒng)合作性金融機(jī)構(gòu)承擔(dān)支農(nóng)重任，但合作性基本功能發(fā)揮不充分，資金互助社等新型合作金融機(jī)構(gòu)合作性功能發(fā)揮良好，但其市場份額極��；商業(yè)性金融機(jī)構(gòu)的支農(nóng)功能參差不齊，難以確�！叭r(nóng)”資金凈流入。各類金融機(jī)構(gòu)的功能沒有有機(jī)整合，尚未形成互補(bǔ)關(guān)系。 為了綜合評價(jià)“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)水平，從宏觀、中觀及微觀三個層面構(gòu)建相應(yīng)的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析。宏觀方面，設(shè)立農(nóng)村金融相關(guān)比率以此判斷農(nóng)村金融與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)之間總的協(xié)調(diào)狀況；中觀方面，設(shè)置農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)覆蓋率、農(nóng)村存貸款比例、農(nóng)村保險(xiǎn)滲透率等指標(biāo)，考察農(nóng)村金融供給與需求狀況；微觀方面，設(shè)置市場集中度、農(nóng)戶貸款比率、農(nóng)企貸款比率、涉農(nóng)貸款比率等定量指標(biāo)，分別考察和分析每一子系統(tǒng)的市場集中度及相關(guān)涉農(nóng)貸款比率，說明支農(nóng)協(xié)調(diào)性狀況。這些指標(biāo)構(gòu)建以后，按照銀監(jiān)會連續(xù)幾年公布的農(nóng)村金融《圖集》的數(shù)據(jù)加工和分析，先比較直觀地分析全國面向“三農(nóng)”的金融機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)性狀況，再具體測算各省“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展水平。 為了深入了解面向“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展程度，構(gòu)建了面向“三農(nóng)”的金融機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度模型和指標(biāo)體系，運(yùn)用主成份分析法進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析，得出我國2006-2010年期間各�。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)）面向“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)度。聚類分析表明，協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展程度分為四類，大部分省、市、自治區(qū)處在中間的第二類，處于第一類和第三類、第四類的省份都較少，也證實(shí)了面向“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)“協(xié)調(diào)水平”較高的省份，其農(nóng)村金融與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)“協(xié)調(diào)度”也較高的結(jié)論。 針對我國當(dāng)前面向“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展不夠協(xié)調(diào)的現(xiàn)狀及國外農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒，提出了進(jìn)一步協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略：優(yōu)化農(nóng)村金融生態(tài)環(huán)境；拓展“三農(nóng)”金融機(jī)構(gòu)的整體功能；建立區(qū)域金融協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the "three rural", since 2004 9 consecutive years of the "central document" on the "three rural issues". In the development of agriculture, farmers and the construction of new rural areas, have issued a series of policies aimed at strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation, take the characteristics of agricultural modernization, and to promote the establishment of agriculture, rural city with a long-term mechanism, the formation of a new pattern of urban and rural economic and social integration.
Rural finance is the core of the rural economy. Since the reform and opening up, China's reconstruction of the rural financial system, rural financial scale continues to expand, to promote rural economic development has played an important role. However, the pace of reform of rural finance and rural economic restructuring has not kept pace with the growing demand for financial services, such as financial services in rural township is still blank existence of credit constraints faced by different households still generally, policy finance and commercial finance service business shrinking cross competition, the problem of rural insurance lag still prominent. China's rural financial market "two yuan" financial structure characteristics, the coexistence of formal rural financial institutions and the non formal rural financial institutions. The formal financial institutions system of rural cooperative financial institutions in rural areas through the history to current cooperative finance, commercial finance and policy of gold Financial institutions coexist. At present, three types of rural financial institutions from the strategic level, such as the high-profile support of the "three rural" rural credit cooperatives and cooperative financial institutions as the main support, after the restructuring of the Agricultural Bank has set up the "three rural" division, orientation of the postal savings bank to serve the "three rural". But the three class financial institutions to serve the "three rural" lack of symbiotic power, poor communication, agriculture has not yet formed together. Based on the above background, this paper studies the problem of coordinated development for the "three rural" financial institutions, has theoretical and practical value.
In order to achieve the best effect of coordination system and the function of each part of the system in cooperation with the state financial institutions. In order for the "three rural" including agricultural banking institutions, insurance agencies, security agencies, leasing agencies, the banking institutions. Banking institutions for the "three rural" include all levels of rural credit cooperative bank the cooperation of rural cooperative bank, agricultural development bank, policy banks, rural commercial bank, Agricultural Bank China, city commercial bank, Chinese postal savings bank and other commercial banks. The coordinated development of financial institutions for the "three rural" refers to agricultural policy financial institution, cooperative financial institutions and commercial financial institutions interdependence and for the "three rural", a virtuous cycle is emphasized in the process of agriculture effect. The system theory, Financial Symbiosis Theory, supply and demand of rural finance theory and the theory of division of labor for the three rural "Provides a theoretical basis for the coordinated development of financial institutions. The" three rural "financial institutions" the fundamental purpose of coordination is to "support", efficient and collaborative integration of various financial institutions in order to improve overall effect of financial support system. Internal dynamic coordination is the comparative advantage of all financial institutions, external power coordination is the rural financial ecological environment optimization, coordination is the means of financial supervision system and information feedback mechanism is appropriate.
The function is advantageous and efficiency play things. According to the system structure and function of the viewpoints in this paper, analyzes the functional characteristics of rural financial institution system, and I examine the function of the current reality of different types of financial institutions: reduce the policy functions of financial institutions by the early extensive policy support for agriculture the development of agriculture, profit oriented obviously; the traditional cooperative financial institutions to undertake the task of supporting agriculture, but the basic function of cooperation does not fully play the function of cooperation, cooperative financial institutions fund cooperatives play is good, but its market share is very small; the commercial financial institutions for agriculture function is uneven, it is difficult to ensure the "net inflow of rural funds all kinds of financial institutions. The function of organic integration, has not yet formed a complementary relationship.
In order to evaluate the "three rural" financial institutions, the level of coordination, from the macro, meso and micro three levels to construct the corresponding index were analyzed. The macroscopic aspect, the establishment of a rural financial ratio in order to determine the total coordination between rural finance and rural economy; macro aspects, set up rural financial service coverage, the rural loan deposit ratio rural, insurance penetration index, a review of rural financial supply and demand; micro aspect, set the market concentration, the ratio of loans to farmers, agricultural enterprises loans, agricultural loans ratio and other quantitative indicators were investigated and analyzed and related agricultural loan ratio concentration of every sub-system of the market, that support coordination status. These indicators, in accordance with the data processing and analysis of the China Banking Regulatory Commission announced several years of rural finance "Atlas >, comparing the intuitive analysis of the" three rural oriented The coordination of the financial institutions and the coordinated development level between the "three rural" financial institutions in each province.
In order to understand for the "three rural" financial institutions coordinated development degree, financial institutions established for the "three rural" coordinated development degree model and index system, using principal component analysis method empirical analysis, obtains our country during the period of 2006-2010 in all provinces (autonomous regions) the coordination degree for the "Three Rural" financial institutions. The cluster analysis showed that the coordinated development degree, divided into four categories, most of the provinces, city, autonomous region in the middle of the second, in the first class and the third class, fourth class are fewer provinces, provinces also confirmed for the "three rural" financial institutions "high level coordination", the rural finance and rural economy "coordination" conclusion.
In view of the current for the "three rural" development of financial institutions is not coordinate the development status of rural financial institutions and foreign experience, put forward the coordinated development strategy: optimizing the rural financial ecological environment; expand the overall function of rural financial institutions; establish a mechanism for the coordinated development of regional finance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.7

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