【摘要】：近幾年來(lái),食品質(zhì)量安全越來(lái)越受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注,雖然國(guó)家實(shí)施了各種政策,旨在解決食品質(zhì)量安全問(wèn)題,但各種食品質(zhì)量安全事件仍舊屢屢發(fā)生,尤其是農(nóng)村地區(qū)。食品經(jīng)營(yíng)者管理方式落后,現(xiàn)代化超市經(jīng)營(yíng)發(fā)展不足,加之各級(jí)監(jiān)管者常常把注意力集中于解決城市食品質(zhì)量安全問(wèn)題,忽略農(nóng)村食品質(zhì)量安全,大量在城市中遇阻的假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品流向了農(nóng)村,使農(nóng)村成為了食品質(zhì)量安全的重災(zāi)區(qū)。據(jù)衛(wèi)生部統(tǒng)計(jì),食品安全中毒事件大多發(fā)生在偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村地區(qū)。農(nóng)村食品質(zhì)量安全問(wèn)題頻發(fā),暴露出我國(guó)農(nóng)村食品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管體制亟需改進(jìn)。流通環(huán)節(jié),特別是零售環(huán)節(jié),是食品供應(yīng)鏈上一個(gè)重要而不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié),是連接生產(chǎn)者與消費(fèi)者的重要橋梁,其監(jiān)督管理更加不容忽視。 國(guó)內(nèi)外實(shí)踐表明,連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)作為一種現(xiàn)代化的流通組織形式,在提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、食品安全性和流通效率上具有重要意義。然而,由于我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)二元化體制制約,我國(guó)農(nóng)村零售業(yè)發(fā)展緩慢,加之零售業(yè)進(jìn)入門檻低,個(gè)體工商戶急劇發(fā)展,夫妻店成為了目前農(nóng)村,特別是欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)居民購(gòu)買食品的主要場(chǎng)所,由于其組織化程度低,經(jīng)營(yíng)條件簡(jiǎn)陋,經(jīng)營(yíng)方式落后,在食品質(zhì)量安全控制以及向超市化經(jīng)營(yíng)發(fā)展方面存在很多問(wèn)題。為此,本文在前人的研究基礎(chǔ)上,為更好地把握農(nóng)村流通領(lǐng)域食品質(zhì)量安全存在的問(wèn)題及其原因,重點(diǎn)研究了農(nóng)村夫妻店對(duì)食品質(zhì)量安全的態(tài)度及其控制行為,并通過(guò)東西部案例研究,探討如何提升欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村夫妻店食品質(zhì)量安全控制水平。本文的主要結(jié)論是：(1)農(nóng)村零售環(huán)節(jié)夫妻店食品質(zhì)量安全產(chǎn)生的原因包括農(nóng)村居民安全意識(shí)較低、農(nóng)村食品經(jīng)營(yíng)者素質(zhì)有待提高、農(nóng)村食品監(jiān)管部門監(jiān)管乏力等。(2)基于計(jì)劃行為理論,本文構(gòu)建了夫妻店食品質(zhì)量安全控制行為分析框架,運(yùn)用二元Logit模型,計(jì)算出影響其行為的主要因素包括行為目標(biāo)、認(rèn)知行為控制、消費(fèi)者的壓力、政府監(jiān)管、經(jīng)營(yíng)者的年齡、受教育程度以及經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模等。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)東西部夫妻店與連鎖店的比較得出,欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)夫妻店離完善的質(zhì)量安全控制模式——連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)模式還存在一定的差距,考慮各項(xiàng)因素,認(rèn)為欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)應(yīng)分步對(duì)夫妻店進(jìn)行改造,首先當(dāng)實(shí)施難度較大時(shí),應(yīng)對(duì)夫妻店進(jìn)行監(jiān)督和規(guī)范,等條件成熟時(shí)再向連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)模式發(fā)展。 最后,經(jīng)過(guò)分析和討論,結(jié)合當(dāng)前實(shí)際情況,提出相應(yīng)的一些政策建議,為解決農(nóng)村零售環(huán)節(jié)食品質(zhì)量安全問(wèn)題,完善農(nóng)村食品流通體系,保障農(nóng)民的合法權(quán)益提供參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, people pay more and more attention to food quality and safety. Although the state has implemented various policies aimed at solving the problem of food quality and safety, all kinds of food quality and safety incidents still occur frequently, especially in rural areas. Food operators are backward in management, modern supermarkets are underdeveloped, and regulators at all levels often focus their attention on solving the problem of food quality and safety in urban areas, ignoring the quality and safety of food in rural areas. A large number of fake and shoddy products in cities flow to rural areas, making the countryside a serious disaster area for food quality and safety. According to the Ministry of Health statistics, food safety poisoning mostly occurred in remote rural areas. The frequent problems of food quality and safety in rural areas reveal that the supervision system of rural food quality and safety needs to be improved. The circulation link, especially the retail link, is an important and indispensable link in the food supply chain. It is an important bridge between producers and consumers, and its supervision and management should not be ignored. The practice at home and abroad shows that chain operation, as a modern circulation organization, is of great significance in improving the safety and efficiency of agricultural products, food products and circulation. However, due to the restriction of urban-rural dualization system, the development of rural retail industry in China is slow, coupled with the low entry threshold of retail trade, and the rapid development of individual industrial and commercial households, the husband and wife shops have become the rural areas at present. Especially, there are many problems in food quality and safety control and the development of supermarket because of the low degree of organization, poor operating conditions and backward management mode in the main places where residents purchase food in underdeveloped areas. Therefore, based on the previous studies, in order to better grasp the problems and reasons of food quality and safety in rural circulation field, this paper focuses on the attitude and control behavior of rural couples' shops on food quality and safety. And through the case study of the east and west, how to improve the food quality and safety control level of the rural couple shop in the underdeveloped area. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the reasons for the food quality and safety in the rural retail chain include the low safety awareness of the rural residents, and the quality of the rural food operators need to be improved. (2) based on the theory of planning behavior, this paper constructs the behavior analysis framework of food quality and safety control in husband and wife stores, and calculates the main factors that affect the behavior, including behavior objectives, using the dual Logit model. Cognitive behavior control, consumer pressure, government regulation, operator's age, education level and business scale. There is still a certain gap between the perfect quality and safety control mode of husband and wife store in underdeveloped area and the chain management mode. Considering the various factors, the author thinks that the husband and wife store should be reformed step by step in the underdeveloped area, first of all, when it is difficult to implement, We should supervise and standardize the husband and wife stores, and then develop to the chain management mode when the conditions are ripe. Finally, through the analysis and discussion, combined with the actual situation, some corresponding policy suggestions are put forward, which can provide reference for solving the problem of food quality and safety in rural retail links, perfecting the circulation system of rural food, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.82;F203

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