本文選題：蝦夷扇貝 + 活品供應(yīng)鏈�。� 參考：《大連海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：以活品蝦夷扇貝（Pationopecten yessoensis）供應(yīng)鏈為研究對(duì)象，先后進(jìn)行了活品供應(yīng)鏈案例實(shí)地調(diào)查以及流通鏈模擬研究，重點(diǎn)跟蹤分析了沿活品鏈的扇貝腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)變化規(guī)律；同時(shí)，還對(duì)蝦夷扇貝腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)與生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境（海水及沉積物）之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探索，為基于微生物的蝦夷扇貝活品流通鏈衛(wèi)生監(jiān)控及產(chǎn)地溯源提供參考。 首先，對(duì)活品底播蝦夷扇貝的流通鏈做了全鏈實(shí)地調(diào)查，從原料生長(zhǎng)、采捕、海上活品運(yùn)輸、陸基凈化直至出庫(kù)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)全面地跟蹤，了解了現(xiàn)有蝦夷扇貝流通鏈運(yùn)營(yíng)模式，經(jīng)過(guò)逐個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)分析找出其關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)及現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題。最后，確定了采捕、海上活濕運(yùn)輸、靠岸中轉(zhuǎn)及凈化等為關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)；此外，凈化后的銷(xiāo)售物流環(huán)節(jié)主要有濕運(yùn)及干運(yùn)兩種模式。另外，針對(duì)現(xiàn)有銷(xiāo)售終端的活品蝦夷扇貝衛(wèi)生情況進(jìn)行了初步調(diào)查，對(duì)市售活品蝦夷扇貝進(jìn)行了細(xì)菌總數(shù)分析，結(jié)果表明，市售蝦夷扇貝各個(gè)組織中細(xì)菌菌落總數(shù)濃度順序?yàn)椋耗c道＞內(nèi)臟＞性腺＞外套膜＞貝柱。 其次，，對(duì)活品流通鏈案例進(jìn)行實(shí)地逐環(huán)節(jié)地跟蹤取樣，研究扇貝腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)與其生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境的關(guān)聯(lián)，及其捕后沿流通鏈的變化規(guī)律。取樣點(diǎn)包括采捕、海上活濕運(yùn)輸、陸基中轉(zhuǎn)、凈化I、凈化II及市場(chǎng)終端；采取的樣品為活品蝦夷扇貝、生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境之海水及沉積物。結(jié)果表明：①根據(jù)DGGE指紋圖譜，海水、沉積物和腸道菌群分別獲得了20、18和12個(gè)條帶，其中有9個(gè)共有條帶，扇貝腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)與生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境之間具有較強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性，這為底播蝦夷扇貝以及其它海產(chǎn)品的原產(chǎn)地溯源提供新思路；②此外，流通鏈主要環(huán)節(jié)的DGGE圖譜分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在采捕、活濕運(yùn)輸、中轉(zhuǎn)、凈化I、凈化II及市場(chǎng)等六個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)條帶數(shù)分別為12、14、16、13、9、22個(gè)，由此表明捕后處置環(huán)節(jié)導(dǎo)致菌群數(shù)量增多，在隨后的凈化環(huán)節(jié)菌群數(shù)目明顯下降；③戴斯系數(shù)分析表明，從采捕、海上活濕運(yùn)輸、陸基中轉(zhuǎn)、凈化I、凈化II到市場(chǎng)終端，相鄰環(huán)節(jié)的相似性分別是64%、73.3%、69.0%、63.6%、32.3%；④細(xì)菌總數(shù)分析結(jié)果表明，活品底播蝦夷扇貝體內(nèi)細(xì)菌總數(shù)在采捕、活濕運(yùn)輸、中轉(zhuǎn)、凈化Ⅰ和市場(chǎng)等流通環(huán)節(jié)的菌落總數(shù)對(duì)數(shù)值分別為3.40、5.22、5.43、4.54和5.53。在整個(gè)流通環(huán)節(jié)的變化程度不大，說(shuō)明該蝦夷扇貝活品鏈能夠有效控制細(xì)菌總數(shù)；⑤在流通過(guò)程中，糞大腸菌群的累積速率大于大腸菌群的累積速率，在凈化環(huán)節(jié)，糞大腸菌群的凈化速率大于大腸菌群的凈化速率，說(shuō)明環(huán)境條件對(duì)活品貝類(lèi)衛(wèi)生狀況影響極大。 最后，通過(guò)案例調(diào)查的結(jié)果，建立了干濕兩種模擬流通鏈，分別為4天模擬凈化加3天模擬濕運(yùn)，以及4天模擬凈化加3天模擬干運(yùn)。研究在模擬流通鏈下蝦夷扇貝各組織（全貝、體腔液、腸道、內(nèi)臟團(tuán)、閉殼肌、性腺、裙邊和鰓）的細(xì)菌總數(shù)、大腸菌群和弧菌總數(shù)變化。結(jié)果表明，①凈化環(huán)節(jié)活品蝦夷扇貝組織（內(nèi)臟、性腺、腸道和鰓）細(xì)菌總數(shù)均出現(xiàn)明顯的先上升后下降趨勢(shì)，說(shuō)明模擬流通的初期對(duì)貝類(lèi)細(xì)菌總數(shù)有一定影響；②運(yùn)輸環(huán)節(jié)細(xì)菌組織（內(nèi)臟、性腺、腸道和鰓）呈上升趨勢(shì)，干運(yùn)比濕運(yùn)的含量高；③模擬流通蝦夷扇貝主要組織大腸菌群呈現(xiàn)出下降的趨勢(shì)，說(shuō)明模擬凈化對(duì)活品蝦夷扇貝大腸菌群具有凈化作用；④干運(yùn)環(huán)節(jié)大腸菌群含量略高于濕運(yùn)；⑤就弧菌而言，未凈化的樣品僅在性腺中檢測(cè)出弧菌，其它組織部位未能檢出，弧菌含量分別在凈化第二天和運(yùn)輸?shù)诙煊猩仙E象，說(shuō)明弧菌生長(zhǎng)受到環(huán)境變化的影響。
[Abstract]:Taking the supply chain of Pationopecten yessoensis as the research object, the case field investigation and the flow chain simulation of live product supply chain were carried out. The structural changes of the intestinal microflora along the live chain of scallop were followed, and the intestinal flora structure and the growth environment (seawater and deposition) were also analyzed. The relationship between them was explored to provide reference for monitoring and tracing the origin of microorganism based scallop products.
First, a full chain field survey was made on the circulation chain of shrimp scallop on living products. From raw material growth, capture, marine living goods transportation, land base purification until out of storage, the circulation chain operation mode of the existing shrimp scallop was found out, and the key points and existing problems were found through one by one analysis. Finally, the capture was determined. In addition, there are two modes of wet transportation and dry transportation in the sales logistics links after purification. In addition, a preliminary investigation on the hygienic situation of the living products of the prawn scallop in the existing sales terminals was investigated. The total number of bacteria was analyzed for the live product of the prawns. The results showed that the market shrimp was sold. The total number of bacterial colonies in tissues of scallop is: gut > viscera > gonad > mantle > bell.
Secondly, the samples of the living goods circulation chain were tracked in the field, and the relationship between the intestinal microflora structure and the growth environment of the scallop was studied, and the change rules of the circulation chain were studied. The sampling points included the capture, the sea wet transport, the land base transfer, the purification of I, the purification of the II and the market terminal; the samples taken as the living products of the shrimp scallop, the growth of the shrimp. The results showed that: (1) according to the DGGE fingerprint, 20,18 and 12 bands were obtained in seawater, sediment and intestinal flora, of which there were 9 common bands, and the structure of the intestinal flora of scallop was strongly correlated with the growth environment, which was traced to the origin of the bottom sowing scallop and other marine products. In addition, the DGGE map analysis of the main links of the circulation chain found that the number of six links in the capture, wet transport, transfer, purification of I, purification of II and the market were 12,14,16,13,9,22 respectively, which showed that the number of bacteria groups increased and the number of bacteria groups decreased obviously in the subsequent purification link; 3 The coefficient analysis showed that the similarity between the adjacent links was 64%, 73.3%, 69%, 63.6%, 32.3%, respectively, from the capture, the sea living wet transportation, the land base transfer, the purification of I, the purification of II to the market terminal, and the total bacterial count showed that the total number of bacteria in the shrimp scallops in the living products was collected, the live wet transport, the transfer, the purification I and the market circulation. The total number of colonies of the colonies of 3.40,5.22,5.43,4.54 and 5.53. changed little in the whole circulation, indicating that the live chain of the shrimp scallop can effectively control the total number of bacteria. 5. In the process of circulation, the accumulation rate of fecal coliform group is greater than that of the coliform group, and the purification rate of the fecal coliform group in the purification process. The purification rate of coliform bacteria is larger than that of coliform bacteria, indicating that environmental conditions have great influence on the sanitary condition of live shellfish.
Finally, through the results of case investigation, two simulated circulation chains are established, which are 4 days of simulated purification plus 3 days of simulated wet transport, and 4 days for simulated purification and 3 days of simulated dry transport. The results showed that the total number of bacteria in the scallop tissue (viscera, gonads, intestines and gills) increased first and then declined, indicating that the early stages of simulated circulation had a certain influence on the total number of shellfish, and the bacterial tissue (viscera, gonads, intestines and gills) in the transport link was on the rise. The content of dry transport was higher than that of wet transport; 3. The main coliform groups in the simulated circulation of scallop's scallop showed a downward trend, indicating that the simulated purification had a purification effect on the coliform group of the living products of the prawns; (4) the content of coliform in the dry link was slightly higher than that of the wet transport. The other tissues were not detected, and the Vibrio content increased in second days and second days respectively, indicating that the growth of Vibrio was affected by environmental changes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TS254.1

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