發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 03:18

  本文選題：RFID技術 + 碳約束　； 參考：《安徽工程大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)進程加快和科技快速發(fā)展,加快了人們對自然資源攫取和消耗速度,使不可再生資源日益減少。同時排放出大量廢棄物,導致溫室效應、霧霾等一系列環(huán)境問題,威脅著人類生存與發(fā)展。二氧化碳(CO2)作為溫室氣體主體,其減排重要性和緊迫性已得到全球范圍內普遍共識和高度關注。經(jīng)過國際社會共同努力,目前已形成一系列具有法律約束力的碳約束措施來減緩環(huán)境壓力。這些措施主要包括政府相關部門制定的一系列減排制度、財政補貼、鼓勵企業(yè)自愿減排、制定減排任務強制企業(yè)減排等。如《京都議定書》催生出包括限額與交易機制在內的一系列政府減排政策,并且限額與交易機制以其良好社會經(jīng)濟性和雙重特性受到重視和廣泛使用,對降低企業(yè)碳排放起到顯著效果,成為眾多碳約束政策的典型。供應鏈作為多個碳約束對象聯(lián)合的一種形式,對其進行碳排放管制能夠取得比單個企業(yè)更加經(jīng)濟和顯著的效果。限額與交易機制必然會對供應鏈企業(yè)生產決策產生影響。探討限額與交易機制如何對供應鏈企業(yè)生產決策產生影響是本文研究的一個重點。產品由供應鏈從最初原材料經(jīng)生產、運輸、存儲、上架銷售等眾多工序直至最終消費者,在排放出大量碳排放的同時也存在著一定的產品錯放現(xiàn)象,且該部分產品在銷售期內不能正常售出。不僅給供應鏈企業(yè)帶來不必要的損失,而且占用供應鏈碳排放權,所以有必要采取措施以降低或完全消除產品錯放現(xiàn)象。隨著現(xiàn)代科技不斷發(fā)展,RFID技術的興起和廣泛應用為供應鏈企業(yè)降低或消除產品錯放現(xiàn)象提供有力的技術支撐。然而RFID技術的應用必然增加供應鏈運作成本,對供應鏈企業(yè)生產決策產生重要影響。探討RFID技術對供應鏈企業(yè)生產決策的影響以及揭示RFID技術降低供應鏈企業(yè)碳排放的運行機制是本文研究的又一重點。為此,本文在對文獻進行梳理和分析基礎上,圍繞上述問題,主要從以下三個方面深入展開研究:(1)碳約束政策對供應鏈企業(yè)生產決策的影響。考慮由供應商和制造商構成的兩級供應鏈結構,研究限額與交易機制下供應鏈企業(yè)最優(yōu)生產決策問題。在限額與交易機制下,運用Stackelberg博弈理論,以供應商為主導者,分別得出在分散決策和集中決策時各自以自身收益最大化為目標的最優(yōu)生產決策。通過對無碳排放約束和限額與交易機制的比較,說明限額與交易機制能夠在一定范圍內起到減少碳排放的作用,并通過算例驗證了結論的正確性。(2)RFID技術對供應鏈企業(yè)生產決策的影響。針對由單制造商和單零售商組成的雙渠道供應鏈,分析RFID技術對供應鏈雙方生產決策的影響。分別針對雙方都不投資、零售商或制造商一方投資和雙方聯(lián)合投資RFID技術四種情形,研究RFID技術對雙渠道供應鏈投資收益影響,以及雙方聯(lián)合投資情形下的雙渠道供應鏈協(xié)調問題。研究表明:雙方產品錯放率提高使得對方產品銷量增加而自身銷量降低;當單個RIFD標簽成本在一定閾值內時,零售商單獨投資RFID技術使得制造商收益也增加,然而制造商單獨投資RFID技術卻帶來零售商收益降低;當供應鏈雙方聯(lián)合投資RFID技術時,協(xié)調機制下雙方的收益都優(yōu)于各自單獨投資RFID技術時的收益。(3)限額與交易機制和RFID技術同時對供應鏈企業(yè)生產決策的影響。以單制造商和單零售商組成的二級供應鏈為研究對象,同時受到限額與交易機制的約束和存在產品錯放現(xiàn)象,探討限額與交易機制和RFID技術對供應鏈雙方生產決策的影響。分別對制造商是否投資研發(fā)低碳技術和零售商是否投資RFID技術四種情形下雙方最優(yōu)生產決策進行探討,得出各種約束條件下雙方的最優(yōu)生產決策。對四種情形下最優(yōu)解析式進行分析,得出產品錯放現(xiàn)象使制造商和零售商的利潤都降低,但在一定程度上促使制造商增加對低碳技術投資研發(fā)力度;當單位碳交易價格低于一定閾值時,其增長也能夠促進碳排放降低量的增加;但是當單位碳交易價格高于該閾值時,制造商將不會進行生產活動,而是售出所有碳排放權;制造商投資低碳技術和零售商投資RFID技術都使供應鏈雙方利潤增加。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern industrial process and rapid development of science and technology, the speed of people's grabbing and consumption of natural resources has been accelerated, and the non renewable resources have been reduced. At the same time, a large number of wastes are discharged, which lead to a series of environmental problems, such as the greenhouse effect and haze, which threaten the survival and development of human beings. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main body of greenhouse gases. The importance and urgency of reducing emissions have gained universal consensus and high concern around the world. After the joint efforts of the international community, a series of legally binding carbon constraints have been formed to mitigate environmental pressure. These measures include a series of emission reduction systems, financial subsidies and voluntary incentives by government related departments. For example, the Kyoto protocol has produced a series of government emission reduction policies including quota and transaction mechanism, and the quota and transaction mechanism is valued and widely used for its good social economy and dual characteristics. It has played a significant role in reducing the carbon emissions of enterprises and has become a large number of carbon contracts. The supply chain is a combination of multiple carbon constrained objects. The carbon emission control can achieve more economic and significant effect than a single enterprise. The quota and transaction mechanism will inevitably affect the production decision of the supply chain enterprises. The product is a key point in this study. The product is from the original raw materials through the production, transportation, storage, shelf sales and many other processes until the final consumer, and there is a certain product misplacement at the same time that a large amount of carbon emissions are discharged, and this part of the product can not be sold normally during the sales period. Not only is the supply chain available to the supply chain, but also the supply chain is not sold to the supply chain. Enterprises bring unnecessary losses and occupy the carbon emission rights of supply chain, so it is necessary to take measures to reduce or completely eliminate product misplacement. With the continuous development of modern technology, the rise and wide application of RFID technology provide strong technical support for supply chain enterprises to reduce or eliminate product misplacement. However, RFID Technology The application of the application will increase the operating cost of the supply chain, which has an important impact on the production decision of the supply chain enterprises. To discuss the influence of RFID technology on the production decision of the supply chain enterprises and to reveal that RFID technology reduces the operating mechanism of the carbon emission of the supply chain enterprises is another key point of this study. Focusing on the above problems, the research is carried out from the following three aspects: (1) the effect of carbon binding policy on the production decision of supply chain enterprises. Considering the two level supply chain structure composed of suppliers and manufacturers, the problem of optimal production decision under the quota and transaction mechanism is studied. Under the quota and transaction mechanism, the Stackelberg is used. The game theory, with the supplier as the main guide, obtains the optimal production decision with the goal of maximizing its own income in the decentralized and centralized decision-making. By comparing the carbon free emission constraints and the quota and transaction mechanism, it shows that the quota and transaction mechanism can reduce carbon emissions in a certain range and through calculation. The example validates the correctness of the conclusion. (2) the effect of RFID technology on the production decision of supply chain enterprises. In view of the dual channel supply chain composed of single manufacturer and single retailer, the influence of RFID technology on the production decision of both sides of the supply chain is analyzed. The investment of both parties and manufacturers and the joint investment of RFID technology by both sides of the retailer or manufacturer are not invested by both parties. The four case studies the impact of RFID technology on the investment income of dual channel supply chain and the dual channel supply chain coordination problem in the case of joint investment. The study shows that the increase of the product misplay rate makes the sales of the other products increase and their sales decrease. When the cost of a single RIFD tag is within a certain threshold, the retailer invested the RFI alone. D technology makes the manufacturer's income increase, but the manufacturer's individual investment in RFID technology brings the retailer's income lower. When the two sides of the supply chain jointly invest the RFID technology, the revenue of both sides is better than the income of the individual investment in the RFID technology. (3) the quota and the exchange mechanism and the RFID technology are produced simultaneously to the supply chain enterprise. The impact of decision making. Based on the two level supply chain composed of single and single retailer, it is subject to the restriction of the quota and transaction mechanism and the existence of product misplacement. The influence of the quota and transaction mechanism and the RFID technology on the production decision of the two sides of the supply chain is discussed. The optimal production decision of both sides is discussed under the four cases of RFID technology, and the optimal production decision under the conditions of various constraints is obtained. The optimal analytical formula under the four circumstances is analyzed, and the result of the product misplacement can reduce the profit of the manufacturer and the retailer, but at a certain degree the manufacturer will increase the low carbon technology investment. When the unit carbon trading price is lower than a certain threshold, its growth can also promote the increase of carbon emissions. But when the unit carbon trading price is higher than that, the manufacturer will not carry out the production activity, but sell all carbon emission rights; the manufacturers invest in low carbon technology and the retailer investment RFID technology all make supply. The profits of both sides of the chain have increased.

【學位授予單位】：安徽工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F274

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本文編號：1790211