本文選題：RFID技術(shù) + 碳約束　； 參考：《安徽工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)進(jìn)程加快和科技快速發(fā)展,加快了人們對(duì)自然資源攫取和消耗速度,使不可再生資源日益減少。同時(shí)排放出大量廢棄物,導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)、霧霾等一系列環(huán)境問題,威脅著人類生存與發(fā)展。二氧化碳(CO2)作為溫室氣體主體,其減排重要性和緊迫性已得到全球范圍內(nèi)普遍共識(shí)和高度關(guān)注。經(jīng)過國(guó)際社會(huì)共同努力,目前已形成一系列具有法律約束力的碳約束措施來減緩環(huán)境壓力。這些措施主要包括政府相關(guān)部門制定的一系列減排制度、財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼、鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)自愿減排、制定減排任務(wù)強(qiáng)制企業(yè)減排等。如《京都議定書》催生出包括限額與交易機(jī)制在內(nèi)的一系列政府減排政策,并且限額與交易機(jī)制以其良好社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)性和雙重特性受到重視和廣泛使用,對(duì)降低企業(yè)碳排放起到顯著效果,成為眾多碳約束政策的典型。供應(yīng)鏈作為多個(gè)碳約束對(duì)象聯(lián)合的一種形式,對(duì)其進(jìn)行碳排放管制能夠取得比單個(gè)企業(yè)更加經(jīng)濟(jì)和顯著的效果。限額與交易機(jī)制必然會(huì)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)生產(chǎn)決策產(chǎn)生影響。探討限額與交易機(jī)制如何對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)生產(chǎn)決策產(chǎn)生影響是本文研究的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。產(chǎn)品由供應(yīng)鏈從最初原材料經(jīng)生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸、存儲(chǔ)、上架銷售等眾多工序直至最終消費(fèi)者,在排放出大量碳排放的同時(shí)也存在著一定的產(chǎn)品錯(cuò)放現(xiàn)象,且該部分產(chǎn)品在銷售期內(nèi)不能正常售出。不僅給供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)帶來不必要的損失,而且占用供應(yīng)鏈碳排放權(quán),所以有必要采取措施以降低或完全消除產(chǎn)品錯(cuò)放現(xiàn)象。隨著現(xiàn)代科技不斷發(fā)展,RFID技術(shù)的興起和廣泛應(yīng)用為供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)降低或消除產(chǎn)品錯(cuò)放現(xiàn)象提供有力的技術(shù)支撐。然而RFID技術(shù)的應(yīng)用必然增加供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)作成本,對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)生產(chǎn)決策產(chǎn)生重要影響。探討RFID技術(shù)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)生產(chǎn)決策的影響以及揭示RFID技術(shù)降低供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)碳排放的運(yùn)行機(jī)制是本文研究的又一重點(diǎn)。為此,本文在對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理和分析基礎(chǔ)上,圍繞上述問題,主要從以下三個(gè)方面深入展開研究:(1)碳約束政策對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)生產(chǎn)決策的影響。考慮由供應(yīng)商和制造商構(gòu)成的兩級(jí)供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu),研究限額與交易機(jī)制下供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)決策問題。在限額與交易機(jī)制下,運(yùn)用Stackelberg博弈理論,以供應(yīng)商為主導(dǎo)者,分別得出在分散決策和集中決策時(shí)各自以自身收益最大化為目標(biāo)的最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)決策。通過對(duì)無碳排放約束和限額與交易機(jī)制的比較,說明限額與交易機(jī)制能夠在一定范圍內(nèi)起到減少碳排放的作用,并通過算例驗(yàn)證了結(jié)論的正確性。(2)RFID技術(shù)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)生產(chǎn)決策的影響。針對(duì)由單制造商和單零售商組成的雙渠道供應(yīng)鏈,分析RFID技術(shù)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈雙方生產(chǎn)決策的影響。分別針對(duì)雙方都不投資、零售商或制造商一方投資和雙方聯(lián)合投資RFID技術(shù)四種情形,研究RFID技術(shù)對(duì)雙渠道供應(yīng)鏈投資收益影響,以及雙方聯(lián)合投資情形下的雙渠道供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)調(diào)問題。研究表明:雙方產(chǎn)品錯(cuò)放率提高使得對(duì)方產(chǎn)品銷量增加而自身銷量降低;當(dāng)單個(gè)RIFD標(biāo)簽成本在一定閾值內(nèi)時(shí),零售商單獨(dú)投資RFID技術(shù)使得制造商收益也增加,然而制造商單獨(dú)投資RFID技術(shù)卻帶來零售商收益降低;當(dāng)供應(yīng)鏈雙方聯(lián)合投資RFID技術(shù)時(shí),協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制下雙方的收益都優(yōu)于各自單獨(dú)投資RFID技術(shù)時(shí)的收益。(3)限額與交易機(jī)制和RFID技術(shù)同時(shí)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)生產(chǎn)決策的影響。以單制造商和單零售商組成的二級(jí)供應(yīng)鏈為研究對(duì)象,同時(shí)受到限額與交易機(jī)制的約束和存在產(chǎn)品錯(cuò)放現(xiàn)象,探討限額與交易機(jī)制和RFID技術(shù)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈雙方生產(chǎn)決策的影響。分別對(duì)制造商是否投資研發(fā)低碳技術(shù)和零售商是否投資RFID技術(shù)四種情形下雙方最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)決策進(jìn)行探討,得出各種約束條件下雙方的最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)決策。對(duì)四種情形下最優(yōu)解析式進(jìn)行分析,得出產(chǎn)品錯(cuò)放現(xiàn)象使制造商和零售商的利潤(rùn)都降低,但在一定程度上促使制造商增加對(duì)低碳技術(shù)投資研發(fā)力度;當(dāng)單位碳交易價(jià)格低于一定閾值時(shí),其增長(zhǎng)也能夠促進(jìn)碳排放降低量的增加;但是當(dāng)單位碳交易價(jià)格高于該閾值時(shí),制造商將不會(huì)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)活動(dòng),而是售出所有碳排放權(quán);制造商投資低碳技術(shù)和零售商投資RFID技術(shù)都使供應(yīng)鏈雙方利潤(rùn)增加。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern industrial process and rapid development of science and technology, the speed of people's grabbing and consumption of natural resources has been accelerated, and the non renewable resources have been reduced. At the same time, a large number of wastes are discharged, which lead to a series of environmental problems, such as the greenhouse effect and haze, which threaten the survival and development of human beings. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main body of greenhouse gases. The importance and urgency of reducing emissions have gained universal consensus and high concern around the world. After the joint efforts of the international community, a series of legally binding carbon constraints have been formed to mitigate environmental pressure. These measures include a series of emission reduction systems, financial subsidies and voluntary incentives by government related departments. For example, the Kyoto protocol has produced a series of government emission reduction policies including quota and transaction mechanism, and the quota and transaction mechanism is valued and widely used for its good social economy and dual characteristics. It has played a significant role in reducing the carbon emissions of enterprises and has become a large number of carbon contracts. The supply chain is a combination of multiple carbon constrained objects. The carbon emission control can achieve more economic and significant effect than a single enterprise. The quota and transaction mechanism will inevitably affect the production decision of the supply chain enterprises. The product is a key point in this study. The product is from the original raw materials through the production, transportation, storage, shelf sales and many other processes until the final consumer, and there is a certain product misplacement at the same time that a large amount of carbon emissions are discharged, and this part of the product can not be sold normally during the sales period. Not only is the supply chain available to the supply chain, but also the supply chain is not sold to the supply chain. Enterprises bring unnecessary losses and occupy the carbon emission rights of supply chain, so it is necessary to take measures to reduce or completely eliminate product misplacement. With the continuous development of modern technology, the rise and wide application of RFID technology provide strong technical support for supply chain enterprises to reduce or eliminate product misplacement. However, RFID Technology The application of the application will increase the operating cost of the supply chain, which has an important impact on the production decision of the supply chain enterprises. To discuss the influence of RFID technology on the production decision of the supply chain enterprises and to reveal that RFID technology reduces the operating mechanism of the carbon emission of the supply chain enterprises is another key point of this study. Focusing on the above problems, the research is carried out from the following three aspects: (1) the effect of carbon binding policy on the production decision of supply chain enterprises. Considering the two level supply chain structure composed of suppliers and manufacturers, the problem of optimal production decision under the quota and transaction mechanism is studied. Under the quota and transaction mechanism, the Stackelberg is used. The game theory, with the supplier as the main guide, obtains the optimal production decision with the goal of maximizing its own income in the decentralized and centralized decision-making. By comparing the carbon free emission constraints and the quota and transaction mechanism, it shows that the quota and transaction mechanism can reduce carbon emissions in a certain range and through calculation. The example validates the correctness of the conclusion. (2) the effect of RFID technology on the production decision of supply chain enterprises. In view of the dual channel supply chain composed of single manufacturer and single retailer, the influence of RFID technology on the production decision of both sides of the supply chain is analyzed. The investment of both parties and manufacturers and the joint investment of RFID technology by both sides of the retailer or manufacturer are not invested by both parties. The four case studies the impact of RFID technology on the investment income of dual channel supply chain and the dual channel supply chain coordination problem in the case of joint investment. The study shows that the increase of the product misplay rate makes the sales of the other products increase and their sales decrease. When the cost of a single RIFD tag is within a certain threshold, the retailer invested the RFI alone. D technology makes the manufacturer's income increase, but the manufacturer's individual investment in RFID technology brings the retailer's income lower. When the two sides of the supply chain jointly invest the RFID technology, the revenue of both sides is better than the income of the individual investment in the RFID technology. (3) the quota and the exchange mechanism and the RFID technology are produced simultaneously to the supply chain enterprise. The impact of decision making. Based on the two level supply chain composed of single and single retailer, it is subject to the restriction of the quota and transaction mechanism and the existence of product misplacement. The influence of the quota and transaction mechanism and the RFID technology on the production decision of the two sides of the supply chain is discussed. The optimal production decision of both sides is discussed under the four cases of RFID technology, and the optimal production decision under the conditions of various constraints is obtained. The optimal analytical formula under the four circumstances is analyzed, and the result of the product misplacement can reduce the profit of the manufacturer and the retailer, but at a certain degree the manufacturer will increase the low carbon technology investment. When the unit carbon trading price is lower than a certain threshold, its growth can also promote the increase of carbon emissions. But when the unit carbon trading price is higher than that, the manufacturer will not carry out the production activity, but sell all carbon emission rights; the manufacturers invest in low carbon technology and the retailer investment RFID technology all make supply. The profits of both sides of the chain have increased.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F274

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