本文選題：中美貿(mào)易 + 附加值貿(mào)易　； 參考：《哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在國(guó)際分工日益細(xì)化的今天,一件最終消費(fèi)品想要完成整個(gè)生產(chǎn)和流通過程,往往需要多個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的參與和合作,也自然會(huì)涉及到生產(chǎn)、加工和貿(mào)易等多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。具體而言,最終產(chǎn)品想要到達(dá)目的國(guó),要以中間產(chǎn)品的形式歷經(jīng)供應(yīng)鏈上多個(gè)國(guó)家,這些國(guó)家對(duì)其進(jìn)口、加工、再出口,在整個(gè)過程中融入了不同的要素積累。在這種分工體系下,傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)體系不合理之處在于每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都有附加價(jià)值的形成,卻把最終消費(fèi)品的所有價(jià)值增值都?xì)w于價(jià)值鏈上的最終國(guó)家,這種統(tǒng)計(jì)顯然會(huì)影響貿(mào)易分析的準(zhǔn)確性。近幾年興起的附加值貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)以單個(gè)商品在全球生產(chǎn)鏈上不同經(jīng)濟(jì)體產(chǎn)生的附加值為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì),可以有效彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)的不足,客觀反映貿(mào)易規(guī)模與真實(shí)獲利的差異,避免因貿(mào)易差額的過分夸大而產(chǎn)生雙邊和多邊貿(mào)易摩擦。近年來,中國(guó)一直是美國(guó)貿(mào)易逆差的第一大來源國(guó),中美貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端主要源于美國(guó)認(rèn)為中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)存在巨大的貿(mào)易順差,影響了中美貿(mào)易的平衡、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。研究附加值視角下的中美貿(mào)易差額及發(fā)展策略可以有效地證實(shí)美國(guó)對(duì)中美貿(mào)易順差的過分高估,客觀地反映兩國(guó)的貿(mào)易差額;有利于改善中國(guó)的國(guó)際分工地位并提高中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)出口獲利能力;同時(shí),中美兩國(guó)作為全球最大的貿(mào)易國(guó),利用附加值貿(mào)易還原真實(shí)的雙邊貿(mào)易格局對(duì)于促進(jìn)兩國(guó)的經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展具有戰(zhàn)略意義。論文以附加值貿(mào)易相關(guān)理論為基礎(chǔ),從貿(mào)易規(guī)模、商品結(jié)構(gòu)和貿(mào)易方式三個(gè)方面分析中美貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀;利用中美國(guó)家間投入產(chǎn)出模型,分析中美貿(mào)易額在附加值貿(mào)易體系下的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,并與傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)下中美貿(mào)易額進(jìn)行比較;總結(jié)附加值貿(mào)易視角下中美貿(mào)易差額減少的原因;從國(guó)家和企業(yè)兩個(gè)層面提出附加值貿(mào)易視角下中美貿(mào)易發(fā)展的策略。附加值貿(mào)易體系下中美貿(mào)易差額減少的原因主要有避免中間產(chǎn)品的重復(fù)計(jì)算,考慮到加工貿(mào)易,從價(jià)值增值來源的角度確定出口額,考慮了 FDI對(duì)中美貿(mào)易順差的高估等方面。著眼于附加值貿(mào)易視角下的中美貿(mào)易格局,我國(guó)應(yīng)著力提高國(guó)際分工地位,優(yōu)化出口行業(yè)構(gòu)成,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),大力發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易;我國(guó)企業(yè)應(yīng)力爭(zhēng)提升產(chǎn)品附加值的技術(shù)含量,高度關(guān)注中間產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易,增強(qiáng)自我配套能力并積極培育自主品牌。
[Abstract]:Today, when the international division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, the participation and cooperation of many economies are often required to complete the whole production and circulation process of a final consumer goods, which naturally involve many links such as production, processing and trade.Specifically, the final product wants to reach the destination country, must go through the supply chain in the form of intermediate products, these countries import, process, re-export, in the whole process of integration of different elements accumulation.In this system of division of labor, the unreasonableness of the traditional trade statistics system lies in the formation of added value in each link, but the value added of the final consumer goods is attributed to the final country on the value chain.Such statistics clearly affect the accuracy of trade analysis.The value added trade statistics that have emerged in recent years, based on the value added generated by individual commodities in different economies in the global production chain, can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of traditional trade statistics.It objectively reflects the difference between trade scale and real profit and avoids bilateral and multilateral trade frictions caused by excessive exaggeration of trade balance.In recent years, China has been the largest source of trade deficit of the United States. The main reason for Sino-US trade disputes is that the United States believes that China has a huge trade surplus with the United States, which affects the balance and stable development of Sino-US trade.The study of the Sino-American trade balance and its development strategies from the perspective of added value can effectively prove that the United States overestimates the Sino-US trade surplus and objectively reflects the trade balance between the two countries.It is conducive to improving China's position in the international division of labor and increasing the profitability of China's exports to the United States. At the same time, China and the United States are the largest trading countries in the world.Using added-value trade to restore true bilateral trade pattern is of strategic significance to promote the development of economy and trade between the two countries.Based on the theory of value-added trade, this paper analyzes the current situation of Sino-US trade from three aspects: trade scale, commodity structure and trade mode, and makes use of the input-output model between China and the United States.This paper analyzes the statistical results of Sino-US trade volume under the system of value-added trade, and compares it with the traditional trade statistics, and summarizes the reasons for the decrease of Sino-US trade balance from the perspective of value-added trade.The development strategy of Sino-American trade under the perspective of value-added trade is put forward from the two levels of state and enterprise.The main reasons for the reduction of Sino-American trade balance under the value added trade system are to avoid the double calculation of intermediate products, to consider the processing trade, to determine the export value from the source of value added value, and to consider the overestimation of the trade surplus between China and the United States by FDI.Focusing on the Sino-American trade pattern from the perspective of value-added trade, China should focus on improving the position of international division of labor, optimizing the composition of export industries, promoting industrial upgrading, and vigorously developing trade in services.Chinese enterprises should strive to promote the technical content of added value of products, pay close attention to the trade of intermediate products, strengthen their self-supporting ability and actively cultivate their own brands.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F752.7

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