本文選題：追溯策略　切入點(diǎn)：召回成本　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著企業(yè)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈,使得企業(yè)紛紛選擇全球供應(yīng)鏈以及外包策略來(lái)保持其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。這一方面給企業(yè)帶來(lái)了成本優(yōu)勢(shì),但同時(shí)也給供應(yīng)鏈管理中產(chǎn)品召回帶來(lái)了巨大的挑戰(zhàn),特別是食品與醫(yī)藥供應(yīng)鏈。由此供應(yīng)鏈追溯策略的研究就顯得尤為重要。目前,這方面的研究主要包含兩個(gè)部分,即追溯策略和召回策略的研究。首先,基于追溯模式以及不同召回策略的角度,針對(duì)一個(gè)存在原材料污染和產(chǎn)品召回的三級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)供應(yīng)鏈,考慮到污染和召回位置以及供應(yīng)鏈庫(kù)存,分別研究了污染發(fā)生在供應(yīng)商和制造商層次時(shí)的供應(yīng)鏈追溯策略:追溯模式和召回策略的優(yōu)化決策。然后,基于召回成本的對(duì)比分析,決策了網(wǎng)絡(luò)供應(yīng)鏈的最優(yōu)追溯策略。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):追溯模式的決策存在一個(gè)閥值策略,當(dāng)逐步追溯相對(duì)全程追溯越快時(shí),逐步追溯模式越有優(yōu)勢(shì);在追溯能力的決策方面,在供應(yīng)鏈下游改善追溯能力比在供應(yīng)鏈上游更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。其次,基于追溯能力以及定價(jià)策略的角度,采用制造商水平的追溯單元大小來(lái)衡量追溯能力,同時(shí)考慮追溯成本和召回成本,提出了一個(gè)非凸線性規(guī)劃模型來(lái)同時(shí)優(yōu)化追溯能力和價(jià)格。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在集中和分散供應(yīng)鏈中都存在唯一的最優(yōu)追溯能力和零售/批發(fā)價(jià)格使得供應(yīng)鏈利潤(rùn)最優(yōu)。當(dāng)成本比率(單位追溯成本/單位召回成本)足夠大和小時(shí),最優(yōu)追溯策略為條碼追溯和單體追溯。然而,當(dāng)成本比率大小適中時(shí),隨著質(zhì)量檢測(cè)水平閾值的增加,最優(yōu)的追溯能力從批量追溯移動(dòng)到條碼追溯和單體追溯。進(jìn)一步的研究表明,采用嚴(yán)格的追溯監(jiān)管政策比采用補(bǔ)貼政策來(lái)提高供應(yīng)鏈追溯能力更有效。最后,基于追溯能力以及不同召回策略的角度,同時(shí)考慮不同層次的召回策略,研究了供應(yīng)商追溯能力與價(jià)格聯(lián)合優(yōu)化問(wèn)題。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)召回在供應(yīng)商層次時(shí),根據(jù)綜合成本比率的大小,供應(yīng)商選擇適當(dāng)?shù)淖匪菽芰?lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)其利潤(rùn)最大化;當(dāng)召回在制造商層次時(shí),供應(yīng)商傾向于使用較低水平的追溯能力來(lái)優(yōu)化其利潤(rùn)。因此,本文在供應(yīng)鏈追溯策略的決策方面具有重要的管理意義。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises, enterprises choose global supply chain and outsourcing strategy to maintain their competitiveness.This not only brings cost advantages to enterprises, but also brings great challenges to product recall in supply chain management, especially in food and medicine supply chain.Therefore, the research of supply chain tracing strategy is particularly important.At present, this research mainly includes two parts, that is, traceability strategy and recall strategy.First of all, based on the traceability model and different recall strategies, considering the location of pollution and recall and supply chain inventory, a three-level network supply chain with raw material pollution and product recall is considered.The traceability strategy of supply chain in which pollution occurs at the supplier and manufacturer levels is studied respectively: the optimal decision of traceability model and recall strategy.Then, based on the comparative analysis of recall cost, the optimal traceability strategy of network supply chain is determined.The study found that there is a threshold strategy for the decision of the traceability model. When the gradual traceability is faster than the total traceability, the stepwise traceability model has more advantages; in the decision of traceability,Improving traceability downstream of the supply chain is more advantageous than improving the traceability upstream of the supply chain.Secondly, based on traceability and pricing strategy, traceability is measured by manufacturer level traceability unit size, taking into account traceability costs and recall costs.A nonconvex linear programming model is proposed to optimize both traceability and price.It is found that there is a unique optimal traceability and retail / wholesale price in both centralized and decentralized supply chains that make the supply chain profit optimal.When the cost ratio (unit traceback cost / unit recall cost) is large enough and hours, the optimal traceability strategy is bar code traceability and single traceability.However, when the cost ratio is moderate, the optimal traceability moves from batch traceability to barcode traceability and single traceability as the threshold of quality detection level increases.Further research has shown that strict retroactive regulation is more effective than subsidies to improve supply chain traceability.Finally, based on traceability and different recall strategies, and considering different levels of recall strategies, the joint optimization of supplier traceability and price is studied.The study found that when the recall is at the supplier level, the supplier chooses the appropriate traceability to maximize its profit based on the size of the integrated cost ratio, and when the recall is at the manufacturer level,Suppliers tend to use lower levels of traceability to optimize their profits.Therefore, this paper has the important management significance in the supply chain traceability strategy decision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F274

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