本文選題：采購績效評價　切入點：DEA　出處：《南京大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為企業(yè)日常生活及供應(yīng)鏈管理中非常重要的一部分,采購已經(jīng)成為企業(yè)關(guān)注的重中之重。同時,經(jīng)過長期的實踐,采購活動也已經(jīng)展現(xiàn)出對企業(yè)績效的巨大影響力和貢獻度。因此,隨著采購的戰(zhàn)略影響力的不斷擴大,對采購績效的評價、采購績效的影響因素等采購相關(guān)課題的研究變得越來越重要,也成為了學術(shù)界的一個研究熱點。在此背景下,本文在已有相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,重點對采購績效的評價以及采購個體行為對采購績效的影響進行相關(guān)的探索研究,以便幫助企業(yè)更科學有效地考核員工績效與引導員工行為,同時為企業(yè)提供良好的采購管理建議,以幫助企業(yè)獲得良好的采購績效。首先,本文在界定了績效、采購績效、采購績效評價等基本概念的內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合已有的相關(guān)研究成果,從橫向和縱向兩個角度分別設(shè)計了采購績效評價的投入與產(chǎn)出指標體系,并以DEA為工具創(chuàng)建了橫向與縱向結(jié)合的采購績效評價模型,同時結(jié)合實際案例對DEA評價模型進行了實證應(yīng)用分析,探索并驗證了采購績效的DEA評價模型的科學性與有效性。經(jīng)研究分析可知,基于DEA的采購績效評價可以使企業(yè)對采購績效的評價更加客觀、全面、科學,同時可以為企業(yè)提供大量有效的管理信息。其次,在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文利用DEA有效數(shù)據(jù),采用DEA回歸的方法,擬合得到了績效評價案例的具有多投入與多產(chǎn)出的采購績效前沿面生產(chǎn)函數(shù)。通過此生產(chǎn)函數(shù),可以分析得到采購績效主要的產(chǎn)出要素與投入影響要素,同時可以得到各個要素相互影響的靈敏度情況。經(jīng)過綜合分析可知,本文所得采購績效前沿面生產(chǎn)函數(shù),能夠較好地反映實踐中采購績效的投入與產(chǎn)出的關(guān)系,能夠合理地描述有效采購績效的產(chǎn)生與變化情況,具有良好的理論與實踐意義。最后,在對采購行為進行科學分析與分類的基礎(chǔ)上,本文分別基于DEA橫向績效評價與縱向動態(tài)仿真的角度,利用NetLogo計算實驗平臺進行了采購行為對采購績效影響的仿真實驗研究,通過多組仿真實驗分析了各類典型采購個體行為對采購績效的影響情況,并最終得到了采購行為對采購績效影響的總體結(jié)論。仿真結(jié)果顯示,學習行為等積極的采購行為對采購績效具有積極的作用,可以提升采購績效的水平,而以過度自信行為與徇私受賄行為為代表的灰色采購行為,對采購績效有消極的影響,會降低采購績效的水平。最后,基于仿真結(jié)論,本文從加強采購人員的招聘與培訓工作、建立良好的采購監(jiān)管與績效評價制度、建立差異化的薪酬制度與合理的淘汰制度等三個方面為企業(yè)提供了管理建議。
[Abstract]:As a very important part of daily life and supply chain management, purchasing has become the most important concern of enterprises. At the same time, after a long period of practice, Procurement activities have also shown great influence and contribution to enterprise performance. Therefore, as the strategic impact of procurement continues to expand, the evaluation of procurement performance, The research on procurement related issues such as the factors influencing procurement performance has become more and more important and has become a hot topic in academic circles. This paper focuses on the evaluation of procurement performance and the impact of individual purchasing behavior on procurement performance, in order to help enterprises assess employee performance more scientifically and effectively and guide employee behavior. At the same time, it provides good procurement management advice to enterprises to help them obtain good procurement performance. Firstly, this paper defines the connotation of the basic concepts of performance, procurement performance, procurement performance evaluation and so on. Combining with the existing research results, this paper designs the input and output index system of procurement performance evaluation from both horizontal and vertical angles, and establishes a horizontal and vertical procurement performance evaluation model with DEA as a tool. At the same time, the empirical application analysis of DEA evaluation model combined with practical cases is carried out to explore and verify the scientificity and validity of the DEA evaluation model of procurement performance. The evaluation of purchasing performance based on DEA can make the evaluation of purchasing performance more objective, comprehensive and scientific, at the same time, it can provide a large amount of effective management information for enterprises. Secondly, based on the above research, this paper makes use of the effective data of DEA. By using DEA regression method, the production function of purchasing performance frontier with multi-input and multi-output is obtained by fitting the case of performance evaluation. Through this production function, the main output factors and input influencing factors of procurement performance can be analyzed. At the same time, the sensitivity of each factor can be obtained. Through the comprehensive analysis, we can get the production function of the front line of purchasing performance, which can better reflect the relationship between the input and output of purchasing performance in practice. It has good theoretical and practical significance to describe the emergence and change of effective purchasing performance reasonably. Finally, on the basis of scientific analysis and classification of purchasing behavior, Based on the horizontal performance evaluation and longitudinal dynamic simulation of DEA, this paper studies the effect of purchasing behavior on procurement performance using NetLogo computing experimental platform. This paper analyzes the influence of various typical individual purchasing behaviors on procurement performance through multi-group simulation experiments, and finally obtains the overall conclusion that procurement behavior affects procurement performance. The simulation results show that, The positive purchasing behavior such as learning behavior has a positive effect on procurement performance, which can improve the level of procurement performance, while the grey purchasing behavior represented by overconfidence and favoritism and bribery has a negative impact on procurement performance. Finally, based on the simulation conclusion, this paper establishes a good procurement supervision and performance evaluation system by strengthening the recruitment and training of procurement staff. The establishment of differentiated compensation system and reasonable elimination system provide management suggestions for enterprises.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F274

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本文編號：1675810