發(fā)布時間：2018-03-11 19:25

  本文選題：案例推理　切入點：供應鏈外部不確定性　出處：《吉林大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：供應鏈在幾十年的發(fā)展演變中不斷得到突破，供應鏈的結構及關系也越來越復雜。從供應鏈內部關系來看，，核心企業(yè)和供應商由所謂的“縱向一體化”轉變?yōu)椤皺M向一體化”。這樣的改變一方面提高了供應鏈的生產效率，做到合理分工，增強了供應鏈各成員企業(yè)之間信息共享程度，進而使供應鏈總收益提高。但另一方面，供應鏈的復雜性極易受外部環(huán)境的變化影響，例如，發(fā)生自然災害、經(jīng)濟危機、恐怖襲擊等不確定事件時，供應鏈的脆弱性即突顯出來，這些不確定事件對供應鏈的影響很大。根據(jù)供應鏈外部不確定性傳遞性的特征，一旦供應鏈中一個節(jié)點發(fā)生問題，可能使整個供應鏈系統(tǒng)延遲或癱瘓。因此，需要根據(jù)外部環(huán)境發(fā)生變化的性質改變供應鏈的應對策略，以提高供應鏈抗風險的能力，保障供應鏈正常運轉。 本文主要研究特定天氣下供應鏈契約協(xié)調的相關研究，這里的特定天氣主要是指降雪天氣。眾所周知，降雪天氣會對路面的能見度及摩擦系數(shù)造成影響，進而影響供應車輛的運輸速度。當供求雙方已經(jīng)約定好運達時間時，運輸車輛可能因為降雪而產生延遲。在分散決策模式下，運輸車輛因提前到達或延遲所產生的庫存成本和懲罰成本都是由供應商一方承擔的。但在集中模式下，為了使供應商和制造商雙方所組成的供應鏈利益最大化，建立時間不確定契約激勵機制，即供應商調整降雪天氣的出發(fā)時間提前出發(fā)，如果供應商能夠準時到達則制造商給予獎勵。本文研究主要分為： （1）根據(jù)降雪程度的不同對雪天道路狀況進行劃分，降雪天氣影響車輛速度的主要因素包括能見度和道路摩擦系數(shù)。所以，不同的降雪等級對應著不同的運達時間。制造商需要對不同降雪程度的配送時間進行推理，估算出不同降雪程度下車輛的配送時間。 （2）建立降雪天氣下供應鏈的一般模型，此時供應商運輸可能出現(xiàn)三種情況，提前到達、準時到達和延遲到達。根據(jù)降雪量的不同，本文規(guī)定無論是提前到達還是延遲到達，供應商都將有懲罰成本。所以，只有準時到達，供應商的收益才最大。 （3）根據(jù)供應鏈協(xié)調的思想，對以上模型進行改進，通過激勵機制使供應商提前出發(fā)，以保證其準時到達。通過數(shù)值算例檢驗證明，在降雪天氣下使用該模型能使供應鏈的收益實現(xiàn)帕累托最優(yōu)，本文提出的方法科學、有效。
[Abstract]:The structure and relationship of supply chain are becoming more and more complex in the development and evolution of supply chain in the past decades. From the point of view of the internal relationship of supply chain, The core enterprises and suppliers have changed from "vertical integration" to "horizontal integration". On the one hand, such changes have improved the production efficiency of the supply chain, achieved a reasonable division of labor, and enhanced the degree of information sharing among the members of the supply chain. On the other hand, the complexity of the supply chain is vulnerable to changes in the external environment, such as natural disasters, economic crises, terrorist attacks and other uncertain events. The vulnerability of the supply chain is highlighted, and these uncertain events have a great impact on the supply chain. According to the transitive characteristics of the external uncertainty of the supply chain, once a node in the supply chain has a problem, The whole supply chain system may be delayed or paralyzed. Therefore, it is necessary to change the supply chain's coping strategy according to the changing nature of the external environment, in order to improve the supply chain's ability to resist risks and ensure the supply chain's normal operation. This paper mainly studies the supply chain contract coordination under specific weather, where the specific weather mainly refers to snowfall weather. As we all know, snowfall weather will affect the visibility and friction coefficient of road surface. When the supply and demand parties have agreed on the delivery time, the transport vehicle may be delayed by snowfall. In decentralized decision-making mode, The inventory cost and penalty cost of the transport vehicle due to early arrival or delay are borne by the supplier. However, in the centralized mode, in order to maximize the benefits of the supply chain formed by both the supplier and the manufacturer, The incentive mechanism of time uncertainty contract is established, that is, the supplier adjusts the departure time of snowfall weather, and if the supplier can arrive on time, the manufacturer will reward. 1) according to the degree of snowfall, the road condition of snowy days is divided. The main factors that affect the speed of vehicles in snowfall weather include visibility and friction coefficient of roads. Different snowfall levels correspond to different arrival times. Manufacturers need to infer the distribution time of different snowfall levels to estimate the delivery time of vehicles with different snowfall levels. 2) establishing a general model of the supply chain in snowfall weather, where supplier transportation may occur in three situations: early arrival, punctual arrival and delayed arrival. According to the different amount of snowfall, this article stipulates that either early arrival or late arrival. Suppliers will have a penalty cost. Therefore, only when they arrive on time will the supplier's profit be maximized. 3) according to the idea of supply chain coordination, the above model is improved, and the supplier can set out ahead of time through incentive mechanism to ensure its arrival on time. Using this model in snowfall can make the profit of supply chain achieve Pareto optimal. The method proposed in this paper is scientific and effective.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F274;P49

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 魏菲;;供應鏈契約研究綜述[J];物流工程與管理;2013年03期

本文編號：1599569