公益類事業(yè)單位改革定位的思考
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-29 13:57
【摘要】：事業(yè)單位改革是我國當前公共管理研究領(lǐng)域中的重大理論課題。 公益類事業(yè)單位是各類高層次人才的聚集地,是為我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)和社會事業(yè)發(fā)展做出重要貢獻的主力軍,將成為政府與企業(yè)之間溝通的橋梁。它對社會公共事業(yè)的發(fā)展、公益服務(wù)范圍和種類的擴大起著十分重要的推動作用。它為社會主義物質(zhì)文明建設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ),又為社會主義精神文明建設(shè)提供了重要的力量。然而隨著社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,事業(yè)單位卻在整體上處于制度管理、改革滯后的境地。機構(gòu)膨脹、財政負擔(dān)加重、效率提高緩慢、公共服務(wù)供給不足,已經(jīng)嚴重影響了教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生乃至整個國民經(jīng)濟和社會事業(yè)的發(fā)展。作為事業(yè)單位主體的公益類事業(yè)單位數(shù)量龐大,政府為保障他們生存和發(fā)展提供了大量的資源和財政撥款,但這些卻沒能與他們提供的公共服務(wù)和履行應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)對等,反而成為謀取利益的溫床和途徑,有些公益類事業(yè)單位利用其在職能上、性質(zhì)上的便利,最大限度的游離在政府部門與企業(yè)的界線之間,既賺取了私利,又沒有政府機關(guān)的約束和企業(yè)的市場壓力。這就種下了擾亂經(jīng)濟運行規(guī)則的惡果,導(dǎo)致社會資源不能正常配置,許多公益類事業(yè)單位已經(jīng)淪為腐敗滋生的主要土壤,致使國有資產(chǎn)大量流失。雖然中國政府從1985年至今進行了幾次大規(guī)模的事業(yè)單位改革,但效果始終不理想。 隨著市場經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展和進步,公益類事業(yè)單位的服務(wù)水平和服務(wù)質(zhì)量受到社會公眾越來越多的詬病,人們對社會公共服務(wù)的改革呼聲日益強烈。在這樣的形勢下,我認為研究探索公益類事業(yè)單位的改革模式具有必要性、緊迫性和積極的現(xiàn)實意義。但如何改革,怎樣破除產(chǎn)生于舊的計劃經(jīng)濟體制的事業(yè)單位管理體制和運行機制,建立一個能與社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制相適應(yīng)的,滿足公共服務(wù)需要的,科學(xué)合理、精簡高效的現(xiàn)代公共事業(yè)體系就成為改革中的難點、重點。 要想得出這些問題的正確答案就必須明確我國公益類事業(yè)單位的現(xiàn)狀、存在的問題及產(chǎn)生的原因,綜合分析國內(nèi)外先進的理論和實踐經(jīng)驗,將之與我國國情和社會需要相整合,從而對公益類事業(yè)單位改革方向進行準確的定位,探索出符合我國國情、適應(yīng)社會公共服務(wù)事業(yè)發(fā)展的正確之路,進而制定出一整套行之有效的方針、政策和具體措施。本文根據(jù)公益類事業(yè)單位改革的發(fā)展態(tài)勢,就轉(zhuǎn)變政府角色、建立新型法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)、健全內(nèi)部管理制度和運行機制等方面提出自己的觀點和改革建議,力求通過本項研究,為學(xué)術(shù)界對公益類事業(yè)單位改革這一課題提出一些新的研究角度,開展深層次的探索。
[Abstract]:The reform of public institutions is an important theoretical subject in the field of public administration research in China. The public welfare institution is the gathering place of all kinds of high-level talents. It is the main force that makes important contribution to the economic construction and social development of our country. It will become the bridge between the government and the enterprise. It plays a very important role in the development of social public utilities and the expansion of the scope and types of public services. It laid the foundation for the construction of socialist material civilization and provided important strength for the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. However, with the rapid development of socialist market economy, institutions are in the situation of institutional management and lagging reform. The expansion of institutions, the aggravation of financial burden, the slow improvement of efficiency and the insufficient supply of public services have seriously affected the development of education, science and technology, culture, health and even the whole national economy and social undertakings. As the main body of public institutions, the number of public welfare institutions is huge. The government has provided a lot of resources and financial allocations to ensure their survival and development, but these have not been equal to the public services they provide and the duties they should perform. Instead, it has become a hotbed and a means for seeking benefits. Some public welfare institutions have made use of their functions and nature to maximize their separation between government departments and enterprises, thus earning private profits. There are no government agencies and the constraints of the enterprise market pressure. As a result, social resources can not be allocated normally, and many public welfare institutions have been reduced to the main soil of corruption, resulting in a large loss of state-owned assets. Although the Chinese government has carried out several large-scale institutional reforms since 1985, the results have not been satisfactory. With the continuous development and progress of the market economy, the service level and service quality of public welfare institutions have been criticized more and more by the public. In such a situation, I think it is necessary, urgent and positive to study and explore the reform model of public welfare institutions. However, how to reform, how to break down the management system and operation mechanism of public institutions arising from the old planned economic system, and how to establish a scientific and reasonable one that can adapt to the socialist market economic system and meet the needs of public services, Streamlined and efficient modern public utility system has become a difficult point in the reform. In order to get the correct answer to these questions, we must make clear the present situation, the existing problems and the causes of the public welfare institutions in our country, comprehensively analyze the advanced theories and practical experiences at home and abroad, and integrate them with the national conditions and the social needs of our country. Thus, the reform direction of public welfare institutions is accurately positioned, and the correct way to adapt to the development of social public service is explored, and a set of effective policies, policies and concrete measures are worked out. According to the development trend of the reform of public welfare institutions, this paper puts forward its own views and reform suggestions on changing the role of the government, establishing a new type of corporate governance structure, perfecting the internal management system and operating mechanism, and so on. This paper puts forward some new research angles for the reform of public welfare institutions in academic circles and carries out deep exploration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D630.3
本文編號：2211409
[Abstract]:The reform of public institutions is an important theoretical subject in the field of public administration research in China. The public welfare institution is the gathering place of all kinds of high-level talents. It is the main force that makes important contribution to the economic construction and social development of our country. It will become the bridge between the government and the enterprise. It plays a very important role in the development of social public utilities and the expansion of the scope and types of public services. It laid the foundation for the construction of socialist material civilization and provided important strength for the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. However, with the rapid development of socialist market economy, institutions are in the situation of institutional management and lagging reform. The expansion of institutions, the aggravation of financial burden, the slow improvement of efficiency and the insufficient supply of public services have seriously affected the development of education, science and technology, culture, health and even the whole national economy and social undertakings. As the main body of public institutions, the number of public welfare institutions is huge. The government has provided a lot of resources and financial allocations to ensure their survival and development, but these have not been equal to the public services they provide and the duties they should perform. Instead, it has become a hotbed and a means for seeking benefits. Some public welfare institutions have made use of their functions and nature to maximize their separation between government departments and enterprises, thus earning private profits. There are no government agencies and the constraints of the enterprise market pressure. As a result, social resources can not be allocated normally, and many public welfare institutions have been reduced to the main soil of corruption, resulting in a large loss of state-owned assets. Although the Chinese government has carried out several large-scale institutional reforms since 1985, the results have not been satisfactory. With the continuous development and progress of the market economy, the service level and service quality of public welfare institutions have been criticized more and more by the public. In such a situation, I think it is necessary, urgent and positive to study and explore the reform model of public welfare institutions. However, how to reform, how to break down the management system and operation mechanism of public institutions arising from the old planned economic system, and how to establish a scientific and reasonable one that can adapt to the socialist market economic system and meet the needs of public services, Streamlined and efficient modern public utility system has become a difficult point in the reform. In order to get the correct answer to these questions, we must make clear the present situation, the existing problems and the causes of the public welfare institutions in our country, comprehensively analyze the advanced theories and practical experiences at home and abroad, and integrate them with the national conditions and the social needs of our country. Thus, the reform direction of public welfare institutions is accurately positioned, and the correct way to adapt to the development of social public service is explored, and a set of effective policies, policies and concrete measures are worked out. According to the development trend of the reform of public welfare institutions, this paper puts forward its own views and reform suggestions on changing the role of the government, establishing a new type of corporate governance structure, perfecting the internal management system and operating mechanism, and so on. This paper puts forward some new research angles for the reform of public welfare institutions in academic circles and carries out deep exploration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D630.3
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，本文編號：2211409
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