本文選題：縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：綜合改革　出處：《云南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展和時(shí)代的進(jìn)步,氣象服務(wù)日益成為社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域不可或缺的需要,但現(xiàn)有氣象機(jī)構(gòu)提供的服務(wù)卻難以滿足越來越高的社會(huì)需求,所以縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)綜合改革成為一項(xiàng)必要和緊迫的現(xiàn)實(shí)任務(wù)。 氣象事業(yè)是科技型、基礎(chǔ)性社會(huì)公益事業(yè),與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、人民群眾生產(chǎn)生活、國(guó)家綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、自然資源利用和管理、生態(tài)環(huán)境改善和保護(hù)、國(guó)防建設(shè)和國(guó)家安全密切相關(guān)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和氣候變化的不斷加劇,特別是近年來我國(guó)一系列重大氣象災(zāi)害和極端天氣氣候事件的發(fā)生,使氣象及氣象工作受到了前所未有的關(guān)注和重視。 氣象部門是政府主管氣象工作的公共管理職能部門,在氣象災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警及防御、突發(fā)災(zāi)害應(yīng)急處置、氣候變化應(yīng)對(duì)、氣候資源保護(hù)及開發(fā)利用等方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的特殊作用。可是,在傳統(tǒng)的氣象機(jī)構(gòu)管理模式下,氣象部門單純的技術(shù)部門管理模式和人員很難滿足公共服務(wù)和社會(huì)管理的綜合的職責(zé)。要適應(yīng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展對(duì)氣象部門提出的越來越高、越來越現(xiàn)實(shí)的要求,進(jìn)行縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)綜合改革就成為了一個(gè)不可回避的課題。 由于“高度分散、高度集中”的業(yè)務(wù)特點(diǎn)和“服務(wù)在地方、效益在地方”的服務(wù)特點(diǎn)形成了我國(guó)氣象部門特有的雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體制和雙重計(jì)劃財(cái)務(wù)體制。然而,縣級(jí)氣象主管機(jī)構(gòu)在一次次的改革中被不斷弱化,作為直面社會(huì)需求的最前沿和承擔(dān)為社會(huì)服務(wù)的最直接的主體,縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)不但沒有得到雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體制和雙重計(jì)劃財(cái)務(wù)體制的雙重支撐和保障,反而成為“干活兩邊搶、給錢兩邊推”的尷尬角色。 現(xiàn)有縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)在社會(huì)提出的日益豐富而精細(xì)的需求中負(fù)重前行步履艱難,特別是日益繁重的氣象防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作不僅給縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)增加了巨大的工作負(fù)擔(dān),而且給縣級(jí)氣象部門帶來了極大的履職風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和社會(huì)壓力。 分析縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)管理體制存在的問題,根本原因是職能定位不準(zhǔn)確、職責(zé)劃分不清晰,所以導(dǎo)致其機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置和能力無法滿足公共服務(wù)和社會(huì)管理職能的要求,甚至在履行部分社會(huì)管理職責(zé)時(shí)出現(xiàn)不符合國(guó)家相關(guān)政策的情況。 所以,要實(shí)現(xiàn)縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)綜合改革,就要從明確職能定位和部門職責(zé)出發(fā),把強(qiáng)化科技型、基礎(chǔ)性社會(huì)公益事業(yè)的定位同強(qiáng)化同級(jí)人民政府氣象工作主管機(jī)構(gòu)、組織開展氣象基礎(chǔ)業(yè)務(wù)、公共氣象服務(wù)和氣象社會(huì)管理職能的定位結(jié)合起來,并把氣象防災(zāi)減災(zāi)作為首要任務(wù)。同時(shí),為了避免各個(gè)縣局各自為政,要在全省統(tǒng)一改革的總體思路和堅(jiān)持的原則,制定詳細(xì)可行的實(shí)施方案,根據(jù)部門職能合理設(shè)置機(jī)構(gòu)和相應(yīng)的崗位職責(zé),多渠道解決人員編制和資金問題,使縣級(jí)氣象機(jī)構(gòu)能夠合法高效地履行職責(zé)。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society and the progress of the times, the meteorological service has become an indispensable demand in all fields of the society. However, the services provided by the existing meteorological organizations are difficult to meet the increasing social needs.So the comprehensive reform of county meteorological organization becomes a necessary and urgent realistic task.Meteorological undertakings are scientific and technological, basic social welfare undertakings, and economic and social development, production and life of the people, comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation of the state, utilization and management of natural resources, improvement and protection of the ecological environment,National defense construction and national security are closely related.With the further development of economy, society and climate change, especially the occurrence of a series of serious meteorological disasters and extreme weather and climate events in China in recent years, the meteorological and meteorological work has received unprecedented attention and attention.The meteorological department is the public administrative department in charge of meteorological work. It is responsible for monitoring, warning and prevention of meteorological disasters, emergency response to sudden disasters, and response to climate change.Climate resources protection and development and utilization play an irreplaceable special role.However, under the traditional management mode of meteorological organization, it is difficult to meet the integrated responsibility of public service and social management by the management mode and personnel of technical department of meteorological department.In order to adapt to the higher and higher and more realistic requirements of the meteorological departments in the development of social economy, it is an unavoidable subject to carry out the comprehensive reform of the county-level meteorological organizations.Due to the characteristics of "highly dispersed, highly centralized" and "service in the local, benefit in the local" service characteristics, formed the unique dual leadership management system and dual planning financial system of the meteorological department in our country.However, the county-level meteorological authorities have been continuously weakened in the course of repeated reforms, as the forefront of facing the needs of the society and the most direct main body that undertakes to serve the society.Instead of being supported and guaranteed by the dual leadership management system and the dual planning financial system, the county-level meteorological organizations have become an awkward role of "fighting for both sides of work and pushing money on both sides".The existing county-level meteorological organizations are struggling to carry a heavy load in the increasingly rich and delicate needs of the society, especially the increasingly onerous meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation work, which not only adds a huge workload to the county-level meteorological organizations.Moreover, it brings great risk and social pressure to county meteorological department.Analyzing the problems existing in the management system of county-level meteorological organizations, the fundamental reason is that the function orientation is not accurate and the responsibility division is not clear, so the organization setup and ability can not meet the requirements of public service and social management function.Even in the performance of part of the social management responsibilities appear to be inconsistent with the relevant national policies.Therefore, in order to realize the comprehensive reform of the meteorological organizations at the county level, it is necessary to set out clearly the functional orientation and the responsibilities of the departments, to strengthen the orientation of science and technology and the basic social welfare undertakings and to strengthen the competent meteorological work agencies of the people's governments at the same level.Organize and develop meteorological basic business, public meteorological service and the positioning of meteorological social management function, and take meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation as the primary task.At the same time, in order to avoid each county bureau doing its own work, it is necessary to unify the overall ideas and principles of reform throughout the province, formulate detailed and feasible implementation plans, and reasonably set up institutions and corresponding post responsibilities according to the functions of the departments.Multiple channels to solve the staffing and funding problems, so that county meteorological agencies can legally and efficiently perform their duties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P4-2

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