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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國政策變形現(xiàn)象之探究　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 政策變形 潛規(guī)則 自利性 政策柔性

【摘要】：政策變形是我國當(dāng)前公共管理政策過程中存在的一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象。可以分為合理的政策變形和不合理的政策變形。不合理的政策變形是指下級(jí)或基層的政策執(zhí)行者為了個(gè)人、部門或地區(qū)的利益，而采取各種手段對(duì)付上級(jí)政策，使政策效果偏離甚至背離政策初衷。因此，有必要研究如何控制不合理的政策變形行為。 首先，，不合理的政策變形體現(xiàn)在政策的四個(gè)構(gòu)成因素——政策目標(biāo)、政策的指導(dǎo)思想及基本原則、政策工具、政策界限的被變形上，主要有“上有政策、下有對(duì)策”、“土政策”等具體表現(xiàn)形式。其次，政策變形有其發(fā)生的基礎(chǔ)和條件，政治體制方面，“中央—地方”的單一制導(dǎo)致權(quán)力配置和財(cái)政分配矛盾、“官本位”引致隱權(quán)力；個(gè)人理性角度，對(duì)利益的追求和自利性以及利益矛盾引發(fā)的政策主體之間的博弈；政策過程因素方面，政策空間預(yù)留、自由裁量權(quán)、政策監(jiān)控機(jī)制的缺位。上述都是不合理的政策變形發(fā)生的條件，而政策變形的持續(xù)存在且趨于固化則源于非正式制度對(duì)正式制度的介入以及潛規(guī)則依附正式規(guī)則發(fā)揮作用等。最后，想要完全消滅不合理的政策變形不是一朝一夕就能完成的任務(wù)，我們無法消除政策變形的過程中各因素的負(fù)面作用，只能加以控制，主要可以從以下兩大方面提出現(xiàn)階段實(shí)際可行的方法：改革決策體制，適度分權(quán)，應(yīng)該向基層放權(quán)、向社會(huì)放權(quán)；政策過程中各環(huán)節(jié)的控制，包括規(guī)范政策制定細(xì)節(jié)，合理控制政策的柔性和剛性；限制自由裁量權(quán)，規(guī)范裁量范圍和權(quán)責(zé)機(jī)制；建立全面的人大監(jiān)督、司法監(jiān)督、內(nèi)部監(jiān)督和社會(huì)監(jiān)督相互獨(dú)立的監(jiān)督機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The policy of deformation has a common phenomenon is China's current public management policy. In the process of deformation can be divided into reasonable policies and unreasonable policy distortion. Unreasonable policy deformation refers to the subordinate or grassroots policy implementation to individuals, departments or regions of interest, and take various measures to deal with the policy. The effects of policies deviate even deviate from the original intention of the policy. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to control the unreasonable policy deformation behavior.
First of all, unreasonable policy deformation is reflected in four factors: policy policy objectives, guiding ideology and basic principles, policy tools, policy boundaries are deformed, there are "policies, under the measures," local policies "and other specific forms. Secondly, policy based deformation and the conditions of its occurrence, the political system," unitary central government "leads to power allocation and financial allocation conflict, the" official standard "caused by the hidden power; individual rationality perspective, the game between the lead to the pursuit of interests and self-interest and conflict of interest policy subject; policy process, policy space reserved, discretion, lack of policy monitoring mechanism. All of the above is not a reasonable policy deformation conditions, and the continued existence of policy deformation and tends to be cured is derived from the informal system of formal system The intervention as well as the unspoken rule attached to formal rules to play the role. Finally, want to completely eliminate the unreasonable policy deformation is not a short duration of time to complete the task, we can not eliminate the negative factors in the process of policy distortion, can only be controlled and can be provided for the practical stage from the following two aspects: the reform of decision making system, moderate decentralization to the grassroots, should decentralization, decentralization to the community; control of each link in the policy process, including the standard policy details, the reasonable control policy of flexible and rigid; limitation of discretion, discretion standard and responsibility mechanism; the establishment of the people's Congress Supervision, comprehensive judicial supervision, supervision and internal supervision mechanism social supervision and independent of each other.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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本文編號(hào)：1432448