本文關鍵詞：重慶市公共租賃住房政策研究　出處：《西南政法大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：“人人住有所居”是一個國際性話題，世界各國政府在社會經濟的發(fā)展進程中都比較在乎保證人們的居住條件，也都在城市化的進程中，根據不同階段經濟的發(fā)展狀況來制定出不同的住房政策，所有的目標都是為了滿足社會各個階層的住房要求，一項完善的適合本國國情的住房政策將是整個國家的福利，它不僅有利于社會的穩(wěn)定，更能促進經濟的發(fā)展，相反，一項不完善的不適合本國國情的住房政策，將會引發(fā)一系列社會的不穩(wěn)定因素，因此，制定出適合本國國情的住房政策一直也將長期是各國政府持續(xù)不斷并盡最大的努力做好的責任。 就以中國為例，自從一九四九年新中國成立，我國政府對住房保障的理念從未停止過，改革開放以前，因為我國剛開始新生活，各種物資都比較匱乏，政府在經濟社會中起著絕對的主導作用，所以我們的住房政策也主要是福利性的分房，改革開放以后，經濟全面放開，經濟在市場化中占據了主導地位，加之人民生活水平不斷提高，，對房屋的需求也在不斷增長，所以政府對住房態(tài)度也采取了商品經濟的自由競爭，但是隨著經濟社會的不斷發(fā)展，一系列社會問題也凸顯出來，單純的福利性分房或者完全市場調節(jié)的商品房制度都不是盡善盡美的，尤其是隨著近幾年來房價飆升，大量人群買不起屬于自己的住房，所以進入二十一世紀以來，以重慶市為首的城市率先在全國開啟了“雙軌制”的住房政策，即由政府保障中低收入群體的住房問題，而由市場調節(jié)和提供高端人群的住房問題，我們國家每個階段所采取的住房政策都與我國當時的經濟發(fā)展水平密切相關，國家也越來越注重居民的生活質量，保障性住房也順勢而生。 根據最新的數據統(tǒng)計，目前我國總人口中，中低收入人群占據了全國城鎮(zhèn)人口的百分之七十，而這些人口的居住問題越來越不能單純的依靠商品房所解決，因此針對這部分人口的保障性住房以及國家針對這一部分人口所制定的政策成為政府和廣大學者們爭相關注的話題，保障性住房的主要形式以前主要以經濟適用房和廉租房為主，但是隨著時間的推移，這兩種保障形式越來越凸顯出其狹窄性，就以保障對象而言，廉租房主要保障那些低保貧困家庭，而經濟適用房的保障對象也主要以農村人口為主，而隨著工業(yè)時代的到來，勞動力在全國的流轉迅速膨脹起來，加之大學畢業(yè)生選擇留在自己所就讀的大學所在的城市現象也越來越普遍，這些人群既不滿足廉租房的申請條件，也無力購買商品住房，所以公租房的出現也就不足為奇了，這也體現了我國政府真正的將以人為本作為了自己的座右銘。 重慶作為西部新興的直轄市，其經濟發(fā)展形勢一直備受中央關注，其地位也關系著西部地區(qū)的經濟發(fā)展，隨著這兩年重慶市人口的激增，重慶市政府對保障性住房也作出了屬于自己的努力，其公租房的開展開創(chuàng)了公租房建設的先鋒，它首先打破了戶籍限制以及采取“雙軌制”的住房政策都取得了卓越的成績，其也成功的躋身于國內幾個為數不多的保障性住房做得好的城市之列。 多中心治理理論的出現，為公共管理領域增添了一種新的視角，它擺脫了以往政府單一提供公共物品的模式，而將政府、社會以及市場三方調動起來，這較之之前的管理模式，在解決一系列的社會問題上顯示出了自己巨大優(yōu)勢，本文所要解決的問題就是運用這一新型理論，為重慶市公租房建設提出自己的一點見解，以期解決目前重慶事公租房建設面臨的一系列問題，如：現行的土地供給制度可能使得公租房難以完成其既定目標、對公租房的申請人未加以細分，有可能導致不能實現真正的公平、具體的操作流程還不明朗，存在隱性操作，使監(jiān)督機制沒有發(fā)揮其應有的作用，加之公租房運作之初，租金的定位還沒有真正落實下來，這也使得公租房的政策未能盡人如意，所以，公租房的建設任道重遠，是一項復雜而系統(tǒng)的工程，涉及各方面的利益，我們不僅要一如既往的發(fā)揮政府的主導作用外，還要完善相關制度，并給予一定的保障。
[Abstract]:"Everyone is living" is an international topic, governments around the world in the process of social and economic development are more care to ensure that people's living conditions, are also in the city in the process of urbanization, the development situation of different stages of economy to develop different housing policies, all have the goal to meet the housing requirements of the various sectors of society, a perfect for our country housing policy is the national welfare, it is not only conducive to the stability of the society, can promote economic development, on the contrary, a not perfect is not suitable for the national conditions of housing policy, will lead to a series of social instability, so and to develop suitable national conditions of housing policy will also be long-term governments continuously and make the greatest efforts to do the responsibility.
In China as an example, since 1949 the establishment of new China, our government for housing security concept has never been stopped, before the reform and opening up, because our country has just started a new life, a variety of materials are relatively scarce, the government plays the leading role absolutely in the economic society, so our housing policy is welfare the housing, after the reform and opening up, the economy fully liberalized economy occupies the leading position in the market, and constantly improve people's living standards, the demand for housing is also increasing, so the government has taken the attitude of the housing free competition of the commodity economy, but with the continuous development of economy and society, a series of social the problem is also highlighted, pure welfare housing or complete market adjustment commercial housing system is not perfect, especially in recent years with the soaring prices, a large amount of people can not afford to buy Their own housing, since entering in twenty-first Century, in Chongqing City, led by the city the first in the country to open a "dual track" housing policy, the housing problems of low-income groups from the government to protect the housing problem, and regulated by the market and provide high-end crowd, our country each stage taken by the housing policy are closely related China's current level of economic development, countries pay more and more attention to the quality of life of residents, affordable housing also homeopathy and health.
According to the latest statistics, China's total population, low-income people occupied the country's urban population of seventy percent, the population living more and more can not simply rely on commercial housing to solve, so for this part of the population and the national affordable housing in this part of the population policies become government and the majority of scholars are concerned about the topic, the main form of affordable housing before the main affordable housing and low rent housing mainly, but with the passage of time, these two forms of security increasingly highlight its narrow, is to protect the object, low rent housing mainly to protect those living in poor families, and affordable housing the security object is mainly to the rural population, and with the advent of the industrial era, the rapid expansion of labor in circulation, and college graduates choose to leave Where the city phenomenon in our university is more and more popular, these people can not satisfy the conditions for low rent housing, but also can not afford to buy commercial housing, so the emergence of public rental will be not at all surprising, it also reflects the Chinese government really will be people-oriented as their motto.
Chongqing as the new municipality, its economic development has always been the central concern, its status is also related to the economic development of the western region, with the increase in the population of Chongqing city this year, the Chongqing municipal government also made their own efforts on affordable housing, to carry out the public rental a pioneer in the construction of public rental housing first of all, it broke the household registration restrictions and take the "dual track" of the housing policy has made remarkable achievements in its success among the domestic few affordable housing do well the city list.
Multi center governance theory, provides a new perspective for the field of public management, it gets rid of the government to provide public goods in the single mode, and the government, society and market three party mobilized, which compared with the previous management mode, to solve a series of social problems showing their own a huge advantage, this paper tries to solve the problem is using this new theory, put forward their own point of view for the construction of public rental housing in Chongqing City, in order to solve a series of problems, the Chongqing public rental construction faces such as: the current land supply system may make public rental housing difficult to accomplish its goal, to the public if the applicant fails to rent the subdivision, may cause cannot realize the true fairness, the specific operation process is not clear, the existence of hidden operation, the supervision mechanism can not play its due role, and the public rental. As at the beginning, the rent location has not really put down, which also makes the public housing policy has failed to make people well, therefore, the construction of public rental housing road is long, is a complex and systematic project, involving the interests of all, we should not only play the leading role of the government as in the past, but also improve the relevant system, and give some protection.

【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.23

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本文編號：1403084