本文關(guān)鍵詞：社會服務(wù)項目制的建構(gòu)及效應(yīng)分析　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 社會服務(wù)項目 社會服務(wù)項目制 非營利組織 項目機制 項目制度和規(guī)則 項目制的效應(yīng)

【摘要】：社會服務(wù)項目是政府等資助者外包或資助、非營利組織承接的公益性項目。本文基于我國上海和深圳的政府社會服務(wù)項目外包和非營利組織項目運作實踐,分析了政府在項目外包中的角色、項目機制和邏輯,非營利組織的項目機制、策略和邏輯,并對項目運作的制度規(guī)則體系和項目制的效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了深入研究。 社會服務(wù)項目制是一種社會服務(wù)體制和機制,在這種體制下,政府的資源供應(yīng)和非營利組織的服務(wù)提供通過項目連接起來,項目成為連接資源與提供服務(wù)之間的橋梁,因此,項目制不僅是一種資金供應(yīng)與籌集的方式,而且是一種提供服務(wù)方式,同時,它更是一種資助機構(gòu)與服務(wù)機構(gòu)建立穩(wěn)定的制度化聯(lián)系的方式。社會服務(wù)項目制是一種系統(tǒng),從其構(gòu)成要素看,它包括如下一些子系統(tǒng),如資助機構(gòu)、服務(wù)機構(gòu)、服務(wù)對象等項目主體；從制度規(guī)則看,它包括制度背景、正式的制度安排和非正式制度安排；從項目的運作過程看,它包括識別需求、提出解決方案、執(zhí)行項目、結(jié)束項目四個階段。 本文認(rèn)為社會宏觀環(huán)境給社會服務(wù)項目運作和項目制的建構(gòu)提供了動力和條件。宏觀環(huán)境要素包括：社會服務(wù)供需不平衡的矛盾產(chǎn)生的社會服務(wù)壓力和動力；政府購買服務(wù)為社會服務(wù)項目制的建構(gòu)奠定了制度基礎(chǔ)；非營利組織的發(fā)展為項目運作提供了組織基礎(chǔ)；福利多元主義和新公共管理為政府項目外包和非營利組織項目運作提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。 社會服務(wù)項目制是在政府和非營利組織圍繞項目建構(gòu)起來的,其中政府扮演規(guī)劃及政策制定者、資源提供者和組織管理者的角色。政府的項目機制主要是項目外包機制,包括項目招標(biāo)發(fā)包、項目委托發(fā)包和公益創(chuàng)投,政府的項目外包邏輯主要是效率和效益的邏輯。與政府的項目機制相對應(yīng),非營利組織的項目機制是項目承包機制,包括項目投標(biāo)和競標(biāo)、委托項目承包和公益創(chuàng)投,此外還主動向政府和基金會申請項目。非營利組織的項目運作策略有：根據(jù)組織戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)行項目運作；動員員工參與項目開發(fā)和設(shè)計；項目的分化與整合；項目的經(jīng)營與滾動；通過項目培育和孵化機構(gòu)；實施走出去戰(zhàn)略,到異地開辦機構(gòu)并承接項目。非營利組織項目運作的多重邏輯包括：項目運作中要使命還是活命的考慮；增強組織的核心競爭力；提高員工的報酬；提升服務(wù)的專業(yè)化水平；整合資源；在短期性項目和長期性項目中做取舍。 項目運作的制度和規(guī)則的功能有：有利于實現(xiàn)項目行為與項目秩序的統(tǒng)一,有利于實現(xiàn)成本與效率的統(tǒng)一,制度還為人們觀察和理解項目主體的行為和活動提供了一把鑰匙。項目制度和規(guī)則體系包括項目運作的制度背景、制度安排和非制度安排。制度背景是外生變量,是一系列確定項目行為大前提的基本的政治、經(jīng)濟、社會和法律制度,例如政府采購制度和招投標(biāo)制度、非營利組織的基本制度、合同制度、市場機制、專業(yè)社工制度等。制度安排包括組織系統(tǒng)和規(guī)則系統(tǒng)兩大類,為項目運作提供了實施結(jié)構(gòu)和各種規(guī)范。非制度安排是一種非正式非契約的安排,包括聲譽、關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)、合法性策略意識等,有助于非營利組織成功承接項目。 作為一種社會服務(wù)的體制和機制,項目制對非營利組織和社會系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。對非營利組織來說,增加了資源,獲得了更多的社會認(rèn)可,提高了合法性。對社會來說,提高了社會服務(wù)供給效率,滿足多元化和變動的社會需求,創(chuàng)造和積累社會資本,促進(jìn)公民社會的發(fā)展。社會服務(wù)項目制會在更大的范圍擴散開來。 本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),社會服務(wù)項目制不是一個統(tǒng)一體,它可以分為招投標(biāo)項目制、委托項目制和申請項目制三種類型。本文認(rèn)為項目制是理解政府與非營利組織關(guān)系的重要樞紐和關(guān)鍵點,是把服務(wù)對象整合進(jìn)公共制度中的橋梁。社會服務(wù)項目制還是一種新的社會服務(wù)雙軌制。本文提出了發(fā)展社會服務(wù)項目制的政策建議,包括：建立政府購買服務(wù)的公共財政基礎(chǔ),擴大政府購買項目的范圍；大力培育和發(fā)展公益性非營利組織；培育專業(yè)化的項目運作人力資源；項目運作中專業(yè)社會工作的介入；完善社會服務(wù)項目評估體系。
[Abstract]:Social service project is a government funded or funded by the public welfare project outsourcing, non-profit organizations to undertake. In this paper, China's Shanghai and Shenzhen government social services outsourcing and non-profit organization project operation practice based on the analysis of the role of government in outsourcing project in the project, mechanism and logic, project mechanism of non-profit organization. Strategy and logic, and the project operation rules of the system and project system effect were studied.
The social service system is a kind of social service system and mechanism, under this system, the government supply of resources and non-profit organizations to provide services connected through projects, projects become a bridge, connecting resources and provide services between the project system is not only a way of raising funds and supplies, but also a to provide services, at the same time, it is to establish contact system stability of a funding agency and service agencies. Social services system is a system, from its constituent elements, it includes some subsystems, such as funding agencies, service agencies, service objects and other items from the main rules; look, it includes the institutional background, arrangement of institutional arrangements of formal and informal system; from the operation process of the project, it includes the identification of needs, propose solutions, the implementation of the project, the end of the project in four phases.
This paper argues that social macro environment for the construction of social service projects and project system provides power and conditions. Including the macro environment factors: the contradiction of social service supply and demand imbalance of social service pressure and power; system has laid a foundation for the construction of social services system of government procurement of services; the development of non-profit organizations to provide the organizational foundation for the project operation; welfare pluralism and new public management provides a theoretical basis for the operation of the government and non-profit organization project outsourcing project.
Social services system is in government and non-profit organizations around the project construction of the government, which plays the planning and policy makers, resource providers and organization management role. The project is the main mechanism of government outsourcing mechanism, including project bidding, project contracting and public venture capital, project outsourcing is the main logic of government the efficiency and effectiveness of the corresponding project. The logic mechanism of the government, the project mechanism of NPO is project contracting mechanism, including the project tendering and bidding, project contracting and public venture capital, in addition to the active government and the foundation for the project. The operation strategy of nonprofit organization of the project are: according to the organization of the project operation strategy the mobilization of staff involved in the project; design and development; differentiation and integration project; project management and rolling; through the project incubation and hatching mechanism; real The strategy of going out, to start remote mechanism and to undertake the project. Multiple logistic project operation of non-profit organizations including: mission or exist about the operation of the project; enhance the core competitiveness of the organization; improve employee remuneration; enhance the professional services; integration of resources; make trade-offs in short-term and long-term project project.
System and rules of project operation function: it is good tounifying project behavior and project order, is conducive to the realization of the unity of efficiency and cost, behavior and activity system for people to observe and understand the subject of the project provides a key. The system project background system and rules including the operation of the project, arrangement of institutional arrangements and the non system. The institutional background is exogenous, is a series of projects to identify behavior premise of basic political, economic, social and legal system, such as the system of government procurement and bidding system, basic system, NPO contract system, market mechanism, professional social work system. The institutional arrangements include organization system and rules the system provides two kinds of structure and implementation specifications for the project operation. Non institutional arrangement is a kind of informal non contractual arrangements, including reputation, relationship network, legal countermeasures A little awareness, etc., will help non-profit organizations to succeed in the project.
As a kind of social service system and mechanism, the project system has a positive effect on the non profit organization and social system. For non-profit organizations, increased resources, get more social recognition, improve legitimacy. For society, improve social service supply efficiency, meet the diverse and changing society demand, creation and accumulation of social capital, promote the development of civil society. The social services system in a wider range of spread.
This study found that the social services system is not a unified body, it can be divided into project bidding system, project preparation and application projects for three types. The project is an important hub for understanding the key points and the relationship between government and nonprofit organizations, is the service of a bridge system integrated into the public the social service system. The project is a new social service track system is put forward in this paper. The development of social services for policy recommendations, including: the establishment of the public finance of government procurement of services, expand the scope of government procurement projects; great efforts to cultivate and develop the public welfare non-profit organization; human resource project operation and foster professional the operation of the project; professional social work intervention; improve the social service project evaluation system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D632.9

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本文編號：1375873