發(fā)布時間：2019-05-07 22:32

【摘要】：自然冷媒R290因其優(yōu)異的使用性能，近年來受到了越來越廣泛的關(guān)注。冷媒與冷凍機(jī)油是制冷系統(tǒng)中兩種重要的功能流體，二者共同決定著制冷系統(tǒng)的工作效率，在工作循環(huán)過程中冷媒與冷凍機(jī)油不可避免的接觸，使得冷凍機(jī)油的研究和開發(fā)必須針對特定的冷媒進(jìn)行。 本論文根據(jù)R290制冷壓縮機(jī)運(yùn)行實(shí)際工況，合成了一種聚醚酯，對反應(yīng)催化劑體系進(jìn)行了考察，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對反應(yīng)的溫度、時間與催化劑用量進(jìn)行了考察。同時對粗產(chǎn)物的處理過程進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，，考察了催化劑去除吸附劑的種類與用量、殘留酸的去除方法與減壓除輕組分的條件。 使用紅外光譜儀和核磁共振儀對產(chǎn)物結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了表征，同時按照潤滑油基礎(chǔ)性能檢測的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對合成聚醚酯的抗水解安定性、抗氧化安定性、吸水性、電阻率等基本理化性能進(jìn)行檢測。利用量熱分析儀對合成產(chǎn)物的熱解安定性進(jìn)行了表征。 使用實(shí)驗(yàn)室自制冷媒-潤滑油在線粘度和相溶量測試系統(tǒng)，分別測定了季戊四醇酯、聚醚酯和礦物油在不同丙烷（R290）蒸氣壓力下冷媒-潤滑油混合體系的液相部分粘度與相溶性量。使用自制密封管對聚醚酯、季戊四醇酯及礦物油的化學(xué)安定性與金屬腐蝕情況進(jìn)行對比考察，結(jié)果表明聚醚酯綜合性能優(yōu)于參比油品。 采用四球摩擦磨損試驗(yàn)機(jī)和材料表面綜合測試儀對該聚醚酯的摩擦學(xué)性能進(jìn)行考察，結(jié)合壓縮機(jī)臺架實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明聚醚酯的磨損量較礦物油、季戊四醇酯更低，使用聚醚酯作為丙烷制冷壓縮機(jī)潤滑油時能量轉(zhuǎn)換率較礦物油提高1.7%。
[Abstract]:Because of its excellent performance, natural refrigerant R 290 has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Refrigerant and refrigerating oil are two important functional fluids in refrigeration system, which determine the working efficiency of refrigeration system together, and the contact between refrigerant and refrigerating oil is inevitable in the process of working cycle. So that the research and development of refrigerating oils must be targeted at specific refrigerants. In this paper, a kind of polyether ester was synthesized according to the working condition of R290 refrigeration compressor, and the reaction catalyst system was investigated. On this basis, the reaction temperature, time and amount of catalyst were investigated. At the same time, the treatment process of crude product was optimized, and the type and dosage of catalyst removal adsorbent, the removal method of residual acid and the condition of reducing pressure to remove light components were investigated. The structure of the product was characterized by infrared spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance instrument. At the same time, the hydrolytic stability, oxidation stability and water absorption of the synthesized polyether ester were determined according to the national standard of lubricating oil performance testing. Resistivity and other basic physical and chemical properties were tested. The pyrolysis stability of the synthesized product was characterized by thermal analyzer. Pentaerythritol ester was determined by laboratory-made on-line viscosity and phase solubility measurement system of refrigerant-lubricating oil. The liquid phase partial viscosity and solubility of polyether ester and mineral oil under different propane (R 290) vapor pressure were studied. The chemical stability of polyether ester, pentaerythritol ester and mineral oil was compared with metal corrosion by using self-made sealing tube. The results showed that the comprehensive properties of polyether ester were better than that of reference oil. The tribological properties of polyether ester were investigated by means of four-ball friction and wear tester and material surface comprehensive tester. Combined with the experimental results of compressor bench, the wear rate of polyether ester was lower than that of mineral oil and pentaerythritol ester. When polyether ester is used as lubricating oil of propane refrigeration compressor, the energy conversion rate is 1.7% higher than that of mineral oil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院深圳先進(jìn)技術(shù)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB64

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