【摘要】：亞當(dāng)斯密的勞動(dòng)分工理論以及隨之而出現(xiàn)的福特流水線生產(chǎn)方式已經(jīng)主導(dǎo)世界工業(yè)化近100年，這種生產(chǎn)方式的變革在迅猛推動(dòng)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了市場(chǎng)需求模式的極大改變，市場(chǎng)的主導(dǎo)權(quán)已從生產(chǎn)者手中轉(zhuǎn)入消費(fèi)者手中。企業(yè)所面臨的不再是產(chǎn)能不足的問(wèn)題，而是如何提高生產(chǎn)柔性、縮短生產(chǎn)周期、靈活應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)需求多變等各種復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。市場(chǎng)需求的變化又反過(guò)來(lái)刺激生產(chǎn)方式尋求一種新的突破，從而多品種小批量生產(chǎn)方式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，其在力求保持傳統(tǒng)大批量生產(chǎn)所具有的效率的同時(shí)，能夠有效應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)需求品種及需求量的多變性。目前，實(shí)現(xiàn)多品種小批量生產(chǎn)主要有兩種途徑，一種是采取混合流水線生產(chǎn)，另一種則是采用單元生產(chǎn)方式（是繼大型流水線后的又一種重要生產(chǎn)方式，主要應(yīng)用于離散制造企業(yè)中的組裝制造業(yè)）。 本文主要針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題討論了單元生產(chǎn)方式的特點(diǎn)，以及其在離散制造企業(yè)中應(yīng)對(duì)多品種小批量產(chǎn)品需求模式的優(yōu)勢(shì)。裝配線平衡問(wèn)題是伴隨裝配線的出現(xiàn)而產(chǎn)生的一類(lèi)生產(chǎn)管理問(wèn)題，并隨著裝配線的不斷演化而得到擴(kuò)展。在單元生產(chǎn)方式下，裝配線平衡問(wèn)題也具有了一定的獨(dú)特性。本文根據(jù)這些特性以及以往的研究基礎(chǔ)，提出了結(jié)合模糊優(yōu)化理論的裝配線平衡最優(yōu)化優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型，，并借助Lingo進(jìn)行求解。裝配線平衡的另一種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式則是通過(guò)工業(yè)工程手法對(duì)現(xiàn)有的裝配線平衡狀態(tài)不斷的予以打破以尋求一種更優(yōu)的平衡狀態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式是通過(guò)對(duì)作業(yè)單元本身及作業(yè)單元之間關(guān)系的不斷改進(jìn)從而尋求目標(biāo)的更優(yōu)化。在此，本文也給出了詳細(xì)的理論說(shuō)明。 對(duì)于如何具體應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)優(yōu)化模型及工業(yè)工程手法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)單元生產(chǎn)方式下的裝配線平衡，以及對(duì)已獲得的平衡狀態(tài)的持續(xù)改善，本文借助一家城市軌道交通通信設(shè)備制造業(yè)的裝配車(chē)間為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)本文所提出的論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的證明。最終，本文不但證明了單元生產(chǎn)方式在應(yīng)對(duì)離散制造企業(yè)的多品種小批量需求模式的有效性，而且還提出了獲得裝配線平衡的實(shí)現(xiàn)以及持續(xù)改善的有效方法。
[Abstract]:Adam Smith's theory of division of labor and the accompanying Ford assembly line production have dominated the industrialization of the world for nearly 100 years. The transformation of this mode of production not only promotes the development of the world economy, but also brings about a great change in the mode of market demand. The dominant power of the market has been transferred from the producer to the consumer. What enterprises are facing is no longer the problem of insufficient production capacity, but how to improve the flexibility of production, shorten the production cycle and respond flexibly to various complex problems such as changing market demand. The change of market demand, in turn, stimulates the production mode of production to seek a new breakthrough, thus the multi-variety and small-batch production mode emerges as the times require. It strives to maintain the efficiency of the traditional mass production at the same time. Able to effectively respond to the variety of market demand and the variability of demand. At present, there are two main ways to realize multi-variety and small batch production, one is to adopt mixed production line, the other is to adopt unit production mode (it is another important mode of production after large-scale assembly line). It is mainly used in assembly manufacturing in discrete manufacturing enterprises. In view of the above problems, this paper mainly discusses the characteristics of the unit production mode and its advantages in dealing with the demand pattern of multi-variety and small batch products in discrete manufacturing enterprises. The balance problem of assembly line is a kind of production management problem which comes into being with the appearance of assembly line, and it is expanded with the continuous evolution of assembly line. Under the unit mode of production, the problem of assembly line balance also has a certain uniqueness. According to these characteristics and the basis of previous research, this paper presents a mathematical model of assembly line balance optimization based on fuzzy optimization theory, which is solved by means of Lingo. Another way to realize the balance of assembly line is to continuously break the balance state of the existing assembly line by means of industrial engineering, in order to find a better balance state. Its form of expression is to seek more optimization of the goal by constantly improving the relationship between the job unit itself and the job unit. Here, this paper also gives a detailed theoretical explanation. For how to apply the mathematical optimization model and industrial engineering technique to realize the assembly line balance under the unit production mode, and the continuous improvement of the obtained equilibrium state, In this paper, with the help of an assembly workshop of urban rail transit communication equipment manufacturing industry as the research object, the thesis is proved in detail. Finally, this paper not only proves the effectiveness of cell production method in dealing with the multi-variety and small batch demand pattern of discrete manufacturing enterprises, but also puts forward an effective method to achieve the balance of assembly line and to continuously improve it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB497

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