【摘要】：透射系數(shù)、反射系數(shù)、隔聲量、傳遞損失、吸聲系數(shù)、聲阻抗等參數(shù)是衡量聲學材料、元件性能的重要參數(shù)指標�，F(xiàn)有的測量裝置大多只能針對其中一個或幾個進行測量,本文提出一種阻抗管內(nèi)聲學元件的多參數(shù)測量系統(tǒng),可以實現(xiàn)對上述參數(shù)的在線測量,具有重要的工程實用價值。首先,研究聲學元件的幾項主要聲學參數(shù):透射系數(shù)、反射系數(shù)、隔聲量、傳遞損失以及吸聲材料的吸聲系數(shù)和表面聲阻抗率之間的數(shù)學物理關(guān)系。分析了各個參數(shù)測量方法,論證了采用一系列阻抗管測量裝置實現(xiàn)多參數(shù)測量的可行性。其次,設(shè)計了一套聲學元件多參數(shù)測量系統(tǒng)。硬件部分主要由一系列具有互換性與通用性阻抗管測試裝置組成,可以根據(jù)測試對象的不同,進行搭配組裝。軟件部分主要由LabVIEW和Matlab編制而成,其中數(shù)據(jù)在線采集、顯示由LabVIEW實現(xiàn),由聲壓到各種聲學參數(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)換由Matlab子程序?qū)崿F(xiàn);編制了接口程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)了LabVIEW對Matlab子程序的調(diào)用,從而將多種測試方法聲學測試構(gòu)架與信號分析處理整合在一套虛擬測試系統(tǒng)中。再者,通過有限元仿真、理論計算以及實驗的方法對亞克力板、海綿、消聲器的聲學性能進行了研究,完成了對所開發(fā)的測試系統(tǒng)的標定。聲學元件多參數(shù)測量系統(tǒng)對隔聲量或傳遞損失的測試的平均誤差小于2dB,測試吸聲系數(shù),反射、透射與聲阻抗率的平均誤差小于5%,證明本文所開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)具有工程實用性。使用聲學元件多參數(shù)測量系統(tǒng)進行的相關(guān)聲學實驗測試具有很高的準確性,對所設(shè)計的測量系統(tǒng)的,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)上述參數(shù)的在線測量。最后,應(yīng)用本測量系統(tǒng),提出了一種基于亥姆霍茲共振器原理用于軟包裝液體體積的測量方法。測試結(jié)果的最大誤差小于2.5%。
[Abstract]:Transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient, sound insulation, transmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, acoustic impedance and other parameters are important parameters to measure the performance of acoustic materials and components. Most of the existing measurement devices can only measure one or more of them. In this paper, a multi-parameter measurement system for acoustic elements in impedance tubes is proposed, which can realize on-line measurement of the above parameters and has important practical value in engineering. Firstly, the mathematical and physical relations between the transmission coefficient, the reflection coefficient, the sound insulation, the transmission loss, the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorbing material and the surface acoustic impedance are studied. The measurement methods of various parameters are analyzed, and the feasibility of using a series of impedance tube measuring devices to realize multi-parameter measurement is proved. Secondly, a set of acoustic element multi-parameter measurement system is designed. The hardware is mainly composed of a series of interchangeability and universal impedance transistor testing devices, which can be assembled according to the different test objects. The software part is mainly compiled by LabVIEW and Matlab, in which the data is collected online, the display is realized by LabVIEW, and the conversion from sound pressure to various acoustic parameters is realized by Matlab subprogram. The interface program is programmed to realize the call of Matlab subprogram by LabVIEW, and the acoustic test framework of various test methods and signal analysis and processing are integrated into a set of virtual test system. Furthermore, the acoustic performance of the subclave plate, sponge and muffler is studied by means of finite element simulation, theoretical calculation and experiment, and the calibration of the developed test system is completed. The average error of measurement of sound insulation or transmission loss by multi-parameter measurement system of acoustic elements is less than 2 dB, and the average error of measurement of sound absorption coefficient, reflection, transmission and acoustic impedance is less than 5%. It is proved that the system developed in this paper has engineering practicability. The acoustic experiment test with multi-parameter measurement system of acoustic elements has high accuracy. The measurement system designed can realize the on-line measurement of the above-mentioned parameters. Finally, a measuring method based on Helmholtz resonator principle for liquid volume measurement in soft packaging is presented. The maximum error of test results is less than 2.5%.
【學位授予單位】：中北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB52

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