【摘要】：彈性阻尼簧片減振器在減小船舶推進(jìn)軸系的扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)方面起著十分重要的作用，安裝減振器后，可通過改變軸系扭振系統(tǒng)的固有頻率來(lái)降低軸系的扭振。利用減振器的減振作用，還可以有效地保護(hù)柴油機(jī)曲軸、凸輪軸、中間軸和螺旋槳軸，并消除軸系的臨界頻率，從而避免柴油機(jī)曲軸在禁止速度范圍內(nèi)工作。彈性阻尼簧片減振器通常安裝在柴油機(jī)曲軸的自由端，由內(nèi)部構(gòu)件和外部構(gòu)件兩部分組成，二者之間置有簧片組。由于運(yùn)行過程中主簧片和簧片組件反復(fù)彎折，承受交變載荷，減振器構(gòu)件疲勞壽命問題必須加以重視。因此，開展彈性阻尼簧片減振器動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真及疲勞壽命分析，對(duì)提高減振器運(yùn)行安全的可靠性，具有十分重要的理論意義和工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。 論文應(yīng)用多體系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)理論和疲勞壽命分析方法，并結(jié)合有限元數(shù)值仿真技術(shù)，對(duì)彈性阻尼簧片減振器進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真及疲勞壽命計(jì)算。本文的主要研究工作如下： ①以柴油機(jī)推進(jìn)軸系扭振系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)軸系扭振進(jìn)行研究，建立了船舶推進(jìn)軸系扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)化模型和集中參數(shù)模型，運(yùn)用Holzer表格法和瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)方法對(duì)軸系的自由振動(dòng)和強(qiáng)迫振動(dòng)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。 ②在Ansys中建立了彈性阻尼簧片減振器模態(tài)分析模型，采用分塊Lanczos法對(duì)簧片減振器進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，計(jì)算簧片減振器的固有頻率及固有振型。 ③在ANSYS/LS-DYNA軟件中，對(duì)彈性阻尼簧片減振器進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格離散，生成多體接觸動(dòng)力有限元模型；通過動(dòng)力接觸有限元仿真分析，得出簧片減振器的應(yīng)力云圖、花鍵軸與主簧片間動(dòng)態(tài)接觸力曲線、簧片組件間動(dòng)態(tài)接觸力曲線，，以及減振器等效應(yīng)力時(shí)間歷程。 ④以減振器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中花鍵軸和主簧片之間的動(dòng)態(tài)接觸力為疲勞分析的載荷譜，基于GL規(guī)范計(jì)算簧片減振器材料的S-N曲線，結(jié)合減振器靜力分析所得的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變結(jié)果，利用ANSYS/FE-SAFE軟件中的名義應(yīng)力法對(duì)簧片減振器進(jìn)行疲勞壽命分析，得出減振器的對(duì)數(shù)疲勞壽命及疲勞安全系數(shù)，對(duì)簧片減振器疲勞壽命影響因素進(jìn)行分析。
[Abstract]:Elastic damping Reed damper plays a very important role in reducing torsional vibration of ship propulsion shafts. After installing the damper, the torsional vibration of shafting can be reduced by changing the natural frequency of shafting torsional vibration system. By using the vibration absorber, the crankshaft, camshaft, intermediate shaft and propeller shaft of diesel engine can be effectively protected, and the critical frequency of shaft system can be eliminated, so that the crankshaft of diesel engine can not work in the forbidden speed range. Elastic damping spring damper is usually installed at the free end of diesel engine crankshaft, which consists of two parts: internal component and external component, and there is a Reed set between them. Due to the repeated bending of the main Reed and the spring assembly and the bearing of alternating load, the fatigue life of the shock absorber must be paid attention to. Therefore, the dynamic simulation and fatigue life analysis of elastic damping spring damper have very important theoretical significance and engineering practical value to improve the reliability of vibration absorber operation safety. In this paper, the dynamic simulation and fatigue life calculation of elastic damping spring damper are carried out by means of multi-body system dynamics theory and fatigue life analysis method, combined with finite element numerical simulation technology. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) taking the torsional vibration system of diesel propulsion shafting as the research object, the torsional vibration of the shafting is studied, and the simplified model and the lumped parameter model of the torsional vibration system of the marine propulsion shafting are established. The free vibration and forced vibration of shafting are calculated by Holzer table method and transient dynamic method. (2) the modal analysis model of elastic damping spring damper is established in Ansys. The modal analysis of spring damper is carried out by block Lanczos method, and the natural frequency and mode shape of spring damper are calculated. (3) in ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, the elastic damping spring damper is discretized to generate a multi-body contact dynamic finite element model. Through the finite element simulation analysis of dynamic contact, the stress cloud diagram of spring damper, the dynamic contact force curve between spline shaft and main spring, the dynamic contact force curve between Reed assembly and the equivalent stress time history of damper are obtained. (4) the dynamic contact force between spline shaft and main Reed during vibration absorber operation is taken as the load spectrum of fatigue analysis. Based on the GL criterion, the S-N curve of spring damper material is calculated, and the stress-strain results obtained from static analysis of shock absorber are combined with the stress-strain results obtained by static analysis of shock absorber. The fatigue life of spring damper is analyzed by using the nominal stress method in ANSYS/FE-SAFE software. The logarithmic fatigue life and fatigue safety factor of the damper are obtained, and the factors affecting the fatigue life of the damper are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB535.1

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