超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)硬件電路的研究與設(shè)計(jì)
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic ranging is a non-contact detection method. Compared with other traditional optical or electromagnetic detection methods, ultrasonic ranging is not interfered by light, object color and other factors, especially when the measured object is in smoke, large amount of dust, etc. Measurement in extremely harsh environments, such as electromagnetic interference or poisoning. Based on the application of ultrasonic ranging in reversing radar, the hardware system of ultrasonic ranging is studied and designed in detail. In this paper, the significance of ultrasonic ranging in the application of reversing radar, the current situation and development of ultrasonic ranging are described, and the basic characteristics of ultrasonic wave and the working principle of ultrasonic ranging are introduced. At the same time, the attenuation characteristics of ultrasonic wave propagation in the air are analyzed, and the classification and basic principle of the automatic gain control technology are emphatically studied. The automatic gain control circuit is constructed by using the variable gain amplifier and the D / A converter. Different gains are set according to the distance of propagation. Secondly, the whole frame of ultrasonic ranging is introduced, and the transmitting circuit and receiving circuit are designed. The transmitting circuit uses the middle cycle transformer to improve the ultrasonic transmitting power and drives the integrated ultrasonic sensor to send out the ultrasonic signal. According to the extremely weak characteristics of ultrasonic echo, the receiving circuit has designed amplifying and filtering circuits, including the first stage low noise amplifier circuit, the bandpass filter circuit, the automatic gain control circuit, the A / D conversion module and so on. The design circuit of each module is given. Ultrasonic ranging is greatly affected by temperature. Temperature compensation module is designed to compensate the speed of ultrasonic propagation in real time and improve the accuracy of ranging. According to the layout design principle, the hardware system layout is designed. Finally, the ultrasonic ranging board is tested and debugged. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic ranging hardware system designed in this paper has a ranging range of 20 cm ~ (5) m and a range of 3 m ~ (m). The automatic gain control (AGC) technique proposed in this paper improves the accuracy of the system and can achieve accurate ranging.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:TB559
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