【摘要】：西南等山地的崩塌災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻繁、突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、隨機(jī)性高,經(jīng)常給影響范圍內(nèi)的道路、房屋帶來(lái)巨大破壞,甚至危及影響范圍內(nèi)的人民生命安全。為了適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,常常需要開展崩塌落石防治工作,而崩塌落石的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征又是進(jìn)行落實(shí)防護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)的重要指標(biāo)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)龍泉驛山泉鎮(zhèn)大佛村5組崩塌的實(shí)地調(diào)研,研究了崩塌災(zāi)害的特征,分析了落石運(yùn)動(dòng)特征的影響因素。將落石的失穩(wěn)模式、崩塌源高度、斜坡坡度、坡面物質(zhì)成分作為變量設(shè)計(jì)研究落石運(yùn)動(dòng)特征的室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),分析了這些變量對(duì)落石的水平運(yùn)動(dòng)距離、偏移比、最大彈跳高度、最大運(yùn)動(dòng)速度、落點(diǎn)區(qū)域的影響。同時(shí)根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)基于小波神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立墜落式、傾倒式、滑塌式預(yù)測(cè)模型,預(yù)測(cè)落石的運(yùn)移距離,將預(yù)測(cè)值轉(zhuǎn)化成與崩塌現(xiàn)場(chǎng)同一尺度的值后與實(shí)際量測(cè)值比較。最終根據(jù)室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果對(duì)大佛村5組崩塌提出了一些防治建議。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下:(1)不同失穩(wěn)模式、崩塌源高度、坡度、坡面物質(zhì)成分對(duì)落石的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征影響各不相同。崩塌源的高度對(duì)落石水平運(yùn)動(dòng)距離、偏移比、最大彈跳高度不敏感;墜落式和傾倒式對(duì)落石水平運(yùn)動(dòng)距離、偏移比、最大彈跳高度的影響均強(qiáng)于滑塌式,但與最大運(yùn)動(dòng)速度關(guān)系不大;當(dāng)坡度為50-60°時(shí),落石的水平運(yùn)動(dòng)距離相對(duì)較大,當(dāng)坡度為50°時(shí)達(dá)到最大。當(dāng)坡度為40-60°時(shí)易產(chǎn)生更大的橫向偏移,當(dāng)坡度在40-70°內(nèi)落石的最大彈跳高度與坡度正相關(guān),最大運(yùn)動(dòng)速度與坡度始終正相關(guān)。草皮坡面能有效減小落石的彈跳高度。(2)不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式對(duì)應(yīng)不同的坡度臨界值。坡度為20-40°時(shí),發(fā)生跳躍、滑動(dòng)、滾動(dòng)或相互之間的組合運(yùn)動(dòng)。坡度為40-50°時(shí),運(yùn)動(dòng)方式表現(xiàn)為跳躍和滑動(dòng)或兩兩之間的組合運(yùn)動(dòng),滾動(dòng)極少發(fā)生。坡度為50-70°時(shí),發(fā)生純滑動(dòng)和純跳躍,滑動(dòng)+跳躍的組合運(yùn)動(dòng)很少發(fā)生,基本不滾動(dòng)。(3)基于小波神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提出了落石運(yùn)移距離預(yù)測(cè)基于墜落式預(yù)測(cè)模型、傾倒式預(yù)測(cè)模型、滑塌式預(yù)測(cè)模型,該模型能較好預(yù)測(cè)工程實(shí)例中落石的運(yùn)移距離。(4)基于室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果提出了一些落石防治的建議:根據(jù)試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果和民居分布位置設(shè)置被動(dòng)防護(hù)系統(tǒng)的不同能級(jí)和不同防護(hù)高度,在民居對(duì)應(yīng)邊坡坡面上設(shè)計(jì)“人”字型擋墻,在公路靠近邊坡的內(nèi)側(cè)開挖落石槽,對(duì)于大塊危巖分布的邊坡局部采用主動(dòng)防護(hù)系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:The collapse disasters in the southwest mountainous areas occur frequently, sudden strong, high randomness, often bring huge damage to the roads and houses, and even endanger the lives of the people in the affected areas. In order to adapt to the rapid development of economy, it is often necessary to carry out the prevention and control work of collapse and falling stone, and the movement characteristic of collapse and falling stone is an important index to carry out the protection design. Based on the field investigation of 5 groups of collapses in Dafo Village of Longquanyi Shanquan Town, this paper studies the characteristics of collapse disaster and analyzes the influencing factors of rock falling movement. The instability model of falling rock, the height of collapse source, slope gradient and material composition of slope are used as variables to design and study the characteristics of falling rock movement. The horizontal motion distance, deviation ratio and maximum spring height of these variables to rock fall are analyzed. Maximum velocity of motion, the impact of the landing area. At the same time, based on the experimental data, the prediction models of falling, toppling and sliding are established based on the wavelet neural network, and the distance of rock falling is predicted. The predicted values are converted to the values of the same scale as the collapse site and compared with the actual measurements. Finally, based on the results of laboratory tests, some suggestions for the prevention and treatment of 5 groups of collapse in Dafo Village are put forward. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) different instability models, height of collapse source and material composition on slope have different effects on the movement characteristics of rock fall. The height of the collapse source is insensitive to the horizontal movement distance, the migration ratio and the maximum spring height; The effect of falling and toppling on the horizontal movement distance, the deviation ratio and the maximum spring height is stronger than that of the sliding type, but it has little relation to the maximum velocity of movement. When the slope is 50-60 擄, the distance of horizontal movement is relatively large, and the maximum is reached when the slope is 50 擄. When the slope is 40-60 擄, it is easy to produce greater lateral migration. When the slope is 40-70 擄, the maximum spring height is positively correlated with the slope, and the maximum velocity of motion is always positively correlated with the slope. Turf slope can effectively reduce the leaping height. (2) different motion modes correspond to different slope critical values. When the slope is 20-40 擄, jumping, sliding, rolling or combined motion between each other occur. When the slope is 40-50 擄, the motion mode is a combination motion between jumping and sliding or between two pairs, and rolling rarely occurs. When the slope is 50-70 擄, pure slippage and pure jump occur, and the combined motion of sliding and jumping rarely occurs, and basically does not roll. (3) based on wavelet neural network, the prediction model of rock drop distance is proposed based on falling model. Toppling prediction model, sliding prediction model, The model can predict the movement distance of falling stone in engineering examples. (4) based on the research results of indoor test, some suggestions for prevention and control of falling stone are put forward: according to the results of experimental research and the location of residential buildings, passive protection lines are set up. Different energy levels and different protective heights of the system, The "man" type retaining wall is designed on the slope surface of the corresponding slope in residential buildings, and the stone falling trough is excavated on the inner side of the highway near the slope. The active protection system is adopted for the slope with large distribution of dangerous rock.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P642.21

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