【摘要】：加速壽命試驗(yàn)被廣泛應(yīng)用于研究產(chǎn)品的可靠性，序進(jìn)應(yīng)力加速壽命試驗(yàn)（簡(jiǎn)稱序加試驗(yàn)）由于試驗(yàn)應(yīng)力持續(xù)提高，能更快地加速失效，試驗(yàn)效率高，已成為加速壽命試驗(yàn)技術(shù)的一個(gè)重要發(fā)展方向。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)序加試驗(yàn)的研究主要集中在試驗(yàn)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與統(tǒng)計(jì)建模上，尚未對(duì)序加試驗(yàn)的加載方式做過(guò)系統(tǒng)的研究，以期獲得更好的試驗(yàn)效果；也沒(méi)有就如何用步加試驗(yàn)逼近序加試驗(yàn)開展研究，一方面可以避免序加試驗(yàn)對(duì)設(shè)備要求較高的缺陷，另一方面又可以達(dá)到序加試驗(yàn)效果；更沒(méi)有就如何利用序進(jìn)應(yīng)力加速試驗(yàn)獲得比最優(yōu)恒定應(yīng)力加速試驗(yàn)更高的估計(jì)精度展開研究。因此，為了解決序加試驗(yàn)應(yīng)如何加載以及試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)如何分析的問(wèn)題，本文以航天電連接器為工程背景，以壽命服從威布爾分布、滿足逆冪律或阿倫尼斯方程的產(chǎn)品的為例，系統(tǒng)地研究了序加試驗(yàn)的加載方式與統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法，以獲得易實(shí)施、效率高且估計(jì)精度高的加載方式，并且給出了更準(zhǔn)確的參數(shù)估計(jì)方法，以期為電連接器等高可靠、長(zhǎng)壽命產(chǎn)品的序加試驗(yàn)的開展提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。 本文各章主要內(nèi)容為： 第一章，闡述了本文的研究背景與意義，然后從試驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與工程應(yīng)用的角度簡(jiǎn)要地介紹了目前加速壽命試驗(yàn)的主要研究現(xiàn)狀。而后又介紹了當(dāng)前恒定、步進(jìn)與序進(jìn)應(yīng)力加速壽命試驗(yàn)的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與不足之處。最后介紹了本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。 第二章，首先給出了本文的基本模型假設(shè)，為了使統(tǒng)計(jì)模型容易建立，采用了轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)力線性增加的序加試驗(yàn)，并給出了常用的三種不同的加載方式，然后推導(dǎo)出了這三種應(yīng)力下產(chǎn)品的壽命分布函數(shù)，最后給出了相應(yīng)的模型參數(shù)的估計(jì)方法。 第三章，以設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)力下對(duì)數(shù)分位數(shù)壽命的極大似然估計(jì)量的漸近方差最小為目標(biāo)，對(duì)本文中的三種序加試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，并研究了設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的錯(cuò)定對(duì)優(yōu)化效果的影響。對(duì)三種加載方案從估計(jì)精度、穩(wěn)健性與數(shù)據(jù)分析的復(fù)雜程度等方面進(jìn)行了比較，結(jié)果顯示三種方案各有所長(zhǎng)，但綜合考慮，方案二即轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)力線性增加且有轉(zhuǎn)折的加載方式最好，其估計(jì)精度高、加速效果好且易于實(shí)施與控制。 第四章，基于蒙特卡洛法，給出了序加試驗(yàn)的模擬方法，針對(duì)極大似然估計(jì)法在小樣本時(shí)誤差較大的問(wèn)題，利用試驗(yàn)?zāi)M的方法研究了小樣本時(shí)極大似然估計(jì)法的誤差，給出了修正方法。 第五章，從加速效果與參數(shù)估計(jì)精度的角度對(duì)步加試驗(yàn)與序加試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，得出當(dāng)步加試驗(yàn)的載荷步數(shù)達(dá)到十?dāng)?shù)步時(shí)其與序加試驗(yàn)幾乎等效，從而有效地解決了序進(jìn)應(yīng)力加載困難的問(wèn)題。 第六章，，研究了恒加與序加之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)果顯示最優(yōu)恒加試驗(yàn)可視為序加試驗(yàn)應(yīng)力上升速率為0的特殊情形；鑒于最優(yōu)恒加試驗(yàn)由兩組應(yīng)力水平不同的試驗(yàn)組成，其可被視為包含兩組不同的序進(jìn)應(yīng)力的序加試驗(yàn)的特殊情形，對(duì)這種序加試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，得到了估計(jì)精度比最優(yōu)恒加試驗(yàn)更高的恒加與序加混合的加速壽命試驗(yàn)，其中序加部分可用數(shù)步的步加代替。 第七章，總結(jié)了本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容，提出了進(jìn)一步的研究方向。
[Abstract]:The accelerated life test is widely used in the research of the reliability of the product, and the accelerated life test of the sequence in the order (the sequence addition test) can accelerate the failure more quickly due to the continuous improvement of the test stress, and the test efficiency is high. It has become an important development direction of the accelerated life test technology. At present, the research on the sequential addition test at home and abroad is mainly focused on the optimization design and statistical modeling of the test, and the loading mode of the sequence plus test has not been studied systematically, with a view to obtaining a better test effect, and no research is carried out on how to use the step-plus-test approach and the test. On the one hand, it is possible to avoid the defect that the sequence-plus-test has higher requirements on the equipment, and on the other hand, it can reach the order-plus-test effect, and it is more difficult to study the estimation precision which is higher than the optimal constant-stress acceleration test by using the sequence-in-stress acceleration test. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of how to load the order-plus-test and how to analyze the test data, this paper takes the space-electric connector as the engineering background, and the life is subject to the Weibull distribution, and the product of the inverse power law or the Arrhenius equation is satisfied. The loading method and the statistical analysis method of the sequence-plus-test are systematically studied, so as to obtain the loading mode which is easy to implement, high in efficiency and high in estimation precision, and a more accurate parameter estimation method is given, in order to provide the electric connector and the like with high reliability, The sequence and test of long-life products shall be provided with technical guidance. Main contents of the chapters of this paper In the first chapter, the research background and significance of this paper are described in the first chapter, and then the main research of the current accelerated life test is introduced from the angle of the test statistic analysis, the optimization design and the engineering application. The main contents and contents of the current constant, step and sequential stress-accelerated life test are also introduced. At the end of the paper, the main research of this paper is given. In the second chapter, the basic model assumption of this paper is given. In order to make the statistical model easy to establish, the order and test of the linear increase of the transformation stress are used, and three different loading methods are given, and then the life of the products under these three stresses is derived. The function of life distribution is given, and the corresponding model parameters are given. In the third chapter, the optimal design of the three-order addition test in this paper is carried out with the minimum of the asymptotic variance of the maximal quasi-linear estimator of the life of the log sub-digit in the design stress, and the wrong determination of the design parameters is also studied. The influence of three kinds of loading schemes from the estimation precision, the robustness and the complexity of the data analysis is compared, and the results show that the three schemes are different, but the scheme 2 is that the transformation stress is linearly increased and the loading mode with the turning point is the best. The method has the advantages of high estimation precision and good acceleration effect, It is easy to implement and control. In the fourth chapter, based on the Monte-Carlo method, the simulation method of the sequence-plus-test is given. In the light of the problem that the error is large in the case of a small sample by the method of the maximum likelihood estimation, the error of the method is studied by means of the method of the test simulation. In the fifth chapter, the step-plus-test and the sequence-plus-test are compared with the angle of the acceleration effect and the parameter estimation precision, and it is concluded that when the load step number of the step-plus-step test reaches the ten-step, it is almost equivalent to the sequence-plus-test, thus effectively solving the problem. In chapter 6, the relationship between constant and sequential addition is studied. The results show that the optimal constant-load test can be regarded as a special case with the increase rate of the stress rising rate of the test and the test. In view of the optimal constant-load test, The test composition of two groups of stress levels can be considered as a special case of the sequence-plus-test of two groups of different sequence-in-stress. In chapter 7, the main research of this paper is summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB114.3

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