【摘要】：海洋資源的開發(fā)與領(lǐng)海權(quán)益保護(hù)日益受到國家的重視,水聲技術(shù)是當(dāng)前研究和探索海洋的主要手段。水聽器作為水聲探測(cè)的核心部件,其性能的好壞決定了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)性能的優(yōu)劣。光纖矢量水聽器具有性能可靠且易于復(fù)用等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但也存在裸光纖靈敏度不足且光纖本身較為脆弱等缺點(diǎn),如何有效的改善這些缺點(diǎn)同時(shí)提高探測(cè)靈敏度和工作頻帶寬度是當(dāng)下的研究熱點(diǎn)。本文從光纖光柵法布里-珀羅(FBG-FP)腔的光譜特性出發(fā),深入探討了光纖FBG-FP的傳感性能,并結(jié)合薄壁空心剛性圓柱結(jié)構(gòu)理論,建立了光纖FBG-FP矢量聲波傳感理論模型,仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了傳感器的加速度靈敏度與諧振頻率受結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的影響。采用數(shù)字化相位生成載波(PGC)解調(diào)方法,搭建全光纖矢量水聽器系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了高靈敏度矢量聲波探測(cè)。本文的主要工作有:1.開展了FBG-FP腔光譜特性研究。分析推導(dǎo)了光纖光柵(FBG)以及由其構(gòu)成的法布里-珀羅(F-P)腔的光傳輸特性和反射光譜特性,設(shè)計(jì)了基于非平衡邁克爾遜干涉儀的相干檢測(cè)光路并提出了抗隨機(jī)相位衰落和消偏振衰落的方案。依據(jù)弱反射FBG-FP傳感原理推導(dǎo)了系統(tǒng)干涉條紋的可見度函數(shù),仿真分析了光譜、光程失配對(duì)光路相干性的影響。為實(shí)現(xiàn)高靈敏度的矢量聲波探測(cè)系統(tǒng)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。2.建立了薄壁圓柱的同振型光纖矢量聲波敏感結(jié)構(gòu)理論模型。仿真分析了芯軸材料、結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)矢量聲波敏感探頭的加速度靈敏度和頻率特性的影響。通過優(yōu)化參數(shù),設(shè)計(jì)、制作了多個(gè)聲敏感探頭,并分別進(jìn)行了加速度靈敏度和頻率特性測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:通過增加慣性元件質(zhì)量、減小圓柱殼壁厚、增加柱體高度可有效提升探頭加速度靈敏度。3.開展了數(shù)字化PGC解調(diào)方案與信號(hào)處理算法研究,仿真驗(yàn)證了全數(shù)字化信號(hào)處理算法的可行性。提出了波分復(fù)用結(jié)合低反射率FBG-FP的全光纖矢量水聽器系統(tǒng)方案,分析了矢量聲波信號(hào)探測(cè)原理,并實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了光纖矢量水聽器的指向性,其垂直方向上的加速度靈敏度差值為-25 dB。4.搭建了全光纖矢量水聽器系統(tǒng),并設(shè)計(jì)了矢量水聽器測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。開展了水聽器指向性、靈敏度、頻率響應(yīng)等性能測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)了0.2-2 kHz的矢量聲波探測(cè),其加速度靈敏度為28 dB re rad/g。并實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試了矢量水聽器系統(tǒng)在二維平面內(nèi)的指向性能。
[Abstract]:The exploitation of marine resources and the protection of the rights and interests of the territorial sea are paid more and more attention by the state. Underwater acoustic technology is the main means to study and explore the ocean. As the core component of underwater acoustic detection, hydrophone performance determines the performance of the whole system. The fiber vector hydrophone has the advantages of reliable performance and easy to reuse, but it also has the disadvantages of low sensitivity of the bare fiber and the weakness of the fiber itself. How to effectively improve these shortcomings and improve detection sensitivity and bandwidth is the current research focus. Based on the spectral characteristics of fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG-FP) cavity, the sensing performance of fiber FBG-FP is discussed in depth, and the structure theory of thin-walled hollow rigid cylinder is combined. The theoretical model of optical fiber FBG-FP vector acoustic sensing is established. The influence of structural parameters on the acceleration sensitivity and resonant frequency of the sensor is analyzed by simulation and experiment. The digital phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation method is used to construct an all optical fiber vector hydrophone system and the high sensitivity vector acoustic wave detection is realized. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The spectral characteristics of FBG-FP cavity were studied. The optical propagation and reflectance spectra of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity are analyzed and deduced. A coherent detection optical path based on an unbalanced Michelson interferometer is designed and a scheme to resist random phase fading and depolarization fading is proposed. Based on the weak reflection FBG-FP sensing principle, the visibility function of the interference fringes is derived, and the effects of spectrum and path mismatch on the coherence of the optical path are simulated and analyzed. For the realization of high sensitivity vector acoustic detection system laid the foundation. 2. A theoretical model of the fiber vector acoustic sensing structure for thin-walled cylinders is established. The effects of core material and structure parameters on the acceleration sensitivity and frequency characteristics of vector acoustic sensor are simulated and analyzed. By optimizing the parameters and designing, several acoustic sensors are fabricated, and the acceleration sensitivity and frequency characteristics are tested respectively. The experimental results show that by increasing the mass of the inertial element, decreasing the wall thickness of the cylindrical shell and increasing the height of the cylinder, the acceleration sensitivity of the probe can be raised effectively. The digital PGC demodulation scheme and the signal processing algorithm are studied, and the feasibility of the full digital signal processing algorithm is verified by simulation. An all-fiber vector hydrophone system with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) combined with low reflectivity (FBG-FP) is proposed. The principle of vector acoustic signal detection is analyzed, and the directivity of the fiber vector hydrophone is verified by experiments. The difference of acceleration sensitivity in vertical direction is -25 dB.4.. An all-fiber vector hydrophone system is built and a vector hydrophone testing system is designed. The performance tests of hydrophone such as directivity, sensitivity and frequency response were carried out. The vector acoustic detection of 0.2-2 kHz is realized, and the acceleration sensitivity is 28 dB re rad/g.. The directional performance of vector hydrophone system in two-dimensional plane is tested experimentally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB565.1

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