基于物質(zhì)組成和沖擊特性的泥石流沖擊力研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-28 18:51
【摘要】：目前各國(guó)泥石流學(xué)者相繼發(fā)展了各類泥石流模型,使泥石流機(jī)理的研究取得了積極進(jìn)展。但迄今仍沒有能使國(guó)內(nèi)外同行所接受的通用的泥石流模型,因此,泥石流機(jī)理的研究仍然是今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期內(nèi)泥石流研究的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。本文針對(duì)泥石流沖擊力進(jìn)行了研究,采用固液兩相流理論、非牛頓流體力學(xué)、泥沙運(yùn)動(dòng)力學(xué)泥石流沖擊力進(jìn)行研究,主要從泥石流固相比、泥石流級(jí)配條件下固相物質(zhì)粒徑、泥石流容重、泥石流粘度以及泥石流流速幾個(gè)方面入手,結(jié)合泥石流現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)得到泥石流沖擊力計(jì)算新公式,并以室內(nèi)模型試驗(yàn)結(jié)果和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)結(jié)果對(duì)該式進(jìn)行實(shí)用性修正,得到泥石流沖擊力計(jì)算新公式。(1)根據(jù)水石流、稀性泥石流和粘性泥石流的沉積特性,并且粘性泥石流流體中的固相物質(zhì)呈逆序結(jié)構(gòu),分析了對(duì)泥石流容重的影響,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的泥石流實(shí)驗(yàn)研究數(shù)據(jù)分析分別得出與固相比、級(jí)配條件下固相顆等效粒徑以及漿體粘度有關(guān)的水石流、稀性泥石流、粘性泥石流的容重計(jì)算公式,并且與現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)典泥石流容重計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得出經(jīng)典泥石流容重計(jì)算值式只考慮了泥石流的固相物質(zhì)容重及固相比,但未考慮泥石流粘度及固相顆粒級(jí)配對(duì)泥石流容重的影響。(2)對(duì)水石流、稀性泥石流和粘性泥石流的流速計(jì)算方法分析,得出相應(yīng)的流速計(jì)算公式,并且與現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)典泥石流流速計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析得出:本文的計(jì)算結(jié)果更貼近實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,而流速經(jīng)典計(jì)算公式同常采用的是平均流速,實(shí)際泥石流的流速在流通區(qū)應(yīng)該隨著時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng)而變化,并且多數(shù)情況下只考慮了泥石流平均流深和泥石流溝床比降。(3)通過對(duì)小波消噪方法進(jìn)行了歸納介紹,本文采用MATLAB中的sym函數(shù)分析進(jìn)行頻頻分析。泥石流沖擊力是一個(gè)非均勻穩(wěn)定的信號(hào),水石流沖擊力信號(hào)降噪圖可以看出水石流的整個(gè)沖擊過程比較連續(xù),無明波峰,而稀性泥石流沖擊過程有波峰的出現(xiàn),從頻譜分析來看,能量主要集中在低頻部分,即d7頻段和d8頻段部分。粘性泥石流沖擊過程波峰明顯,從頻譜分析來看,粘性泥石流沖擊力低頻部分仍是能量主要部分,并且包含了部分中低頻段,即d5頻段、d6頻段、d7頻段和d8頻段,說明泥石流沖擊過程雖然是一個(gè)瞬時(shí)過程,但是沖擊力的變化比水石流和稀性泥石流的變化更為復(fù)雜。(4)水石流主要存在紊動(dòng)應(yīng)力和顆粒間碰撞摩擦產(chǎn)生的作用力,屬于兩相流模型;稀性泥石流與水石流相似,存在紊動(dòng)應(yīng)力和粒間作用力,屬于結(jié)構(gòu)兩相流模型;粘性泥石流根據(jù)龍頭壓脹理論,將粘性泥石流視為可壓縮流體從而建立連續(xù)方程進(jìn)行求解,最終分別得出了與泥石流固相比、級(jí)配條件下固相顆粒等效粒徑、粘度、容重有關(guān)的水石流、稀性泥石流和粘性泥石流的沖擊力計(jì)算方法。(5)通過對(duì)比分析,水石流、稀性泥石流和粘性泥石流較計(jì)算值普遍比其他公式和實(shí)測(cè)值高,其原因分別是原因在于實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下顆粒的粒徑相差不大,而現(xiàn)實(shí)中水石流粒徑相差較大,并且水石流流體動(dòng)能較大;稀性泥石流原因在于實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下粘度是由化學(xué)原料實(shí)現(xiàn)而缺失黏粒,黏粒缺失必然造成泥石流漿體容重變化,實(shí)際稀性泥石流容重比實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的容重大,粘性泥石流原因在于粘性泥石流運(yùn)動(dòng)整體性較強(qiáng),其粘度影響不可忽略,并且細(xì)黏粒含量較多,自身慣性力大,紊動(dòng)應(yīng)力小,運(yùn)動(dòng)速度也快,因此動(dòng)能大,導(dǎo)致粘性泥石流沖擊力很大。
[Abstract]:At present, various debris flow models have been developed by the country's debris flow scholars, so that the research of the debris flow mechanism has made positive progress. However, there is still no general debris flow model accepted by the domestic and foreign counterparts so far. Therefore, the research on the mechanism of debris flow is still the focus and difficulty of the study of debris flow in a long period of time. Based on the research of the impact force of the debris flow, this paper studies the impact force of the debris flow by using the two-phase flow theory, the non-Newtonian fluid mechanics and the mud-sand movement, mainly compared with the debris flow, the particle size of the solid phase and the volume weight of the debris flow under the condition of the debris flow. Based on the flow velocity of the debris flow and the flow velocity of the debris flow, a new formula for calculating the impact force of the debris flow is obtained by combining the field observation data of the debris flow, and the practical correction is carried out on the type by using the indoor model test result and the on-site observation result, so as to obtain a new formula for calculating the impact force of the debris flow. (1) according to the sedimentation characteristics of the water, the thin-flow and the viscous debris flow, and the solid-phase substance in the viscous debris flow fluid is in a reverse order structure, the influence on the volume weight of the debris flow is analyzed, The calculation formula of the volume weight of the water volume, the dilute debris flow and the viscous debris flow related to the solid phase equivalent particle size and the viscosity of the slurry body under the grading condition is compared and analyzed with the existing calculation formula of the volume weight of the classical debris flow, It is concluded that the calculation of the volume weight of the classical debris flow only takes into account the volume weight and the solid phase of the solid phase of the debris flow, but the influence of the viscosity of the debris flow and the volume weight of the solid-phase particle-level matching debris flow is not considered. (2) The calculation method of the flow velocity of the water, thin-flow and viscous debris flow is analyzed, the corresponding flow velocity calculation formula is obtained, and compared with the existing calculation formula of the flow velocity of the classical debris flow, the calculation results of this paper are closer to the experimental results. The classical calculation formula of flow velocity is the same as the average flow rate, and the flow velocity of the actual debris flow should change with the increase of time in the circulation area, and in most cases only the average flow depth of the debris flow and the ratio of the flow rate of the debris flow are considered. (3) The method of wavelet de-noising is introduced, and the frequency analysis is carried out by using the sym function analysis in MATLAB. The impact force of the debris flow is a non-uniform and stable signal, and the noise reduction diagram of the impact force of the water hammer can be seen that the whole impact process of the water flow is continuous and has no bright peak, and the impact process of the dilute debris flow has the appearance of a wave crest, and the energy is mainly concentrated in the low frequency part from the spectrum analysis. i.e. the d7 frequency band and the d8 frequency band portion. The peak of the viscous debris flow impact process is obvious, and from the spectrum analysis, the low frequency part of the viscous debris flow impact force is still the main energy part, and the low-frequency section of the section is included, that is, the d5 frequency band, the d6 frequency band, the d7 frequency band and the d8 frequency band, Although the impact process of the debris flow is a transient process, the change of the impact force is more complex than that of the water-and lean-flow. (4) the hydrodynamic stress and the acting force generated by the collision friction between the particles mainly exist in the water flow, and belong to the two-phase flow model; the dilute debris flow is similar to that of the water, and is a two-phase flow model of the structure; and the viscous debris flow is based on the tap pressure expansion theory, The viscous debris flow is considered to be a compressible fluid, and a continuous equation is established for solving, and finally, the method for calculating the impact force of the solid-phase particle equivalent particle size, the viscosity and the volume weight of the solid-phase particles under the gradation conditions is obtained respectively, and the calculation method of the impact force of the thin-flow and the viscous debris flow is obtained. (5) Compared with other formulas and measured values, the reason is that the particle size of the particles is not large in the experimental conditions, and the particle size of the water in the reality is relatively large, and the reason of the dilute debris flow is that the viscosity under the experimental conditions is realized by the chemical raw materials, The reason of the viscous debris flow is the strong integrity of the viscous debris flow, the influence of its viscosity is not negligible, and the content of the fine particles is large, the self-inertia force is large, the dynamic stress is small, the moving speed is also fast, and therefore, the kinetic energy is large, resulting in a large impact force of the viscous debris flow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23
本文編號(hào)：2394298
[Abstract]:At present, various debris flow models have been developed by the country's debris flow scholars, so that the research of the debris flow mechanism has made positive progress. However, there is still no general debris flow model accepted by the domestic and foreign counterparts so far. Therefore, the research on the mechanism of debris flow is still the focus and difficulty of the study of debris flow in a long period of time. Based on the research of the impact force of the debris flow, this paper studies the impact force of the debris flow by using the two-phase flow theory, the non-Newtonian fluid mechanics and the mud-sand movement, mainly compared with the debris flow, the particle size of the solid phase and the volume weight of the debris flow under the condition of the debris flow. Based on the flow velocity of the debris flow and the flow velocity of the debris flow, a new formula for calculating the impact force of the debris flow is obtained by combining the field observation data of the debris flow, and the practical correction is carried out on the type by using the indoor model test result and the on-site observation result, so as to obtain a new formula for calculating the impact force of the debris flow. (1) according to the sedimentation characteristics of the water, the thin-flow and the viscous debris flow, and the solid-phase substance in the viscous debris flow fluid is in a reverse order structure, the influence on the volume weight of the debris flow is analyzed, The calculation formula of the volume weight of the water volume, the dilute debris flow and the viscous debris flow related to the solid phase equivalent particle size and the viscosity of the slurry body under the grading condition is compared and analyzed with the existing calculation formula of the volume weight of the classical debris flow, It is concluded that the calculation of the volume weight of the classical debris flow only takes into account the volume weight and the solid phase of the solid phase of the debris flow, but the influence of the viscosity of the debris flow and the volume weight of the solid-phase particle-level matching debris flow is not considered. (2) The calculation method of the flow velocity of the water, thin-flow and viscous debris flow is analyzed, the corresponding flow velocity calculation formula is obtained, and compared with the existing calculation formula of the flow velocity of the classical debris flow, the calculation results of this paper are closer to the experimental results. The classical calculation formula of flow velocity is the same as the average flow rate, and the flow velocity of the actual debris flow should change with the increase of time in the circulation area, and in most cases only the average flow depth of the debris flow and the ratio of the flow rate of the debris flow are considered. (3) The method of wavelet de-noising is introduced, and the frequency analysis is carried out by using the sym function analysis in MATLAB. The impact force of the debris flow is a non-uniform and stable signal, and the noise reduction diagram of the impact force of the water hammer can be seen that the whole impact process of the water flow is continuous and has no bright peak, and the impact process of the dilute debris flow has the appearance of a wave crest, and the energy is mainly concentrated in the low frequency part from the spectrum analysis. i.e. the d7 frequency band and the d8 frequency band portion. The peak of the viscous debris flow impact process is obvious, and from the spectrum analysis, the low frequency part of the viscous debris flow impact force is still the main energy part, and the low-frequency section of the section is included, that is, the d5 frequency band, the d6 frequency band, the d7 frequency band and the d8 frequency band, Although the impact process of the debris flow is a transient process, the change of the impact force is more complex than that of the water-and lean-flow. (4) the hydrodynamic stress and the acting force generated by the collision friction between the particles mainly exist in the water flow, and belong to the two-phase flow model; the dilute debris flow is similar to that of the water, and is a two-phase flow model of the structure; and the viscous debris flow is based on the tap pressure expansion theory, The viscous debris flow is considered to be a compressible fluid, and a continuous equation is established for solving, and finally, the method for calculating the impact force of the solid-phase particle equivalent particle size, the viscosity and the volume weight of the solid-phase particles under the gradation conditions is obtained respectively, and the calculation method of the impact force of the thin-flow and the viscous debris flow is obtained. (5) Compared with other formulas and measured values, the reason is that the particle size of the particles is not large in the experimental conditions, and the particle size of the water in the reality is relatively large, and the reason of the dilute debris flow is that the viscosity under the experimental conditions is realized by the chemical raw materials, The reason of the viscous debris flow is the strong integrity of the viscous debris flow, the influence of its viscosity is not negligible, and the content of the fine particles is large, the self-inertia force is large, the dynamic stress is small, the moving speed is also fast, and therefore, the kinetic energy is large, resulting in a large impact force of the viscous debris flow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 楊紅娟;韋方強(qiáng);胡凱衡;呂娟;;不同上限粒徑泥石流漿體的流變參數(shù)變化規(guī)律[J];水利學(xué)報(bào);2016年07期
2 周雙;張根廣;邢茹;高翔;;床面均勻沙拖曳力及上舉力系數(shù)的確定[J];泥沙研究;2016年02期
3 呂立群;崔鵬;王兆印;;兩相泥石流的非恒定特性研究[J];四川大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工程科學(xué)版);2015年05期
4 張寧;姚磊華;曹中興;楊卓;黃鑫;;堿坪溝泥石流運(yùn)動(dòng)模型[J];中南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2015年08期
5 曾超;蘇志滿;雷雨;余健;;泥石流漿體與大顆粒沖擊力特征的試驗(yàn)研究[J];巖土力學(xué);2015年07期
6 胡桂勝;陳寧生;李俊;賀拿;朱云華;;金沙江白鶴灘水電站壩址近場(chǎng)區(qū)泥石流運(yùn)動(dòng)特征與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)分析[J];水土保持研究;2014年02期
7 何曉英;唐紅梅;陳洪凱;;漿體黏度和級(jí)配顆粒組合條件下泥石流沖擊特性模型試驗(yàn)[J];巖土工程學(xué)報(bào);2014年05期
8 唐金波;胡凱衡;周公旦;陳華勇;朱興華;馬超;;基于小波分析的泥石流沖擊力信號(hào)處理[J];四川大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工程科學(xué)版);2013年01期
9 李泳;謝江;周小軍;郭曉軍;;泥石流顆粒的標(biāo)度分布[J];四川大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工程科學(xué)版);2013年01期
10 陳洪凱;鮮學(xué)福;唐紅梅;張玉萍;何曉英;文光菊;唐蘭;;水石流沖擊信號(hào)能量分布試驗(yàn)研究[J];振動(dòng)與沖擊;2012年14期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 黎志;溝谷型泥石流形成機(jī)理與運(yùn)動(dòng)特征研究[D];成都理工大學(xué);2014年
2 張玉萍;泥石流沖擊信號(hào)識(shí)別方法研究[D];重慶交通大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號(hào)：2394298
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/guanlilunwen/gongchengguanli/2394298.html
最近更新
教材專著
